A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TYMNES. TYPHON. 1195
iv. ~ 26; Bihr, Geschichte der RMm. Literat. Suppl. 499.) Tymnes occurs, as a Carian name, in HeroB. ~ 100.) [W. R.] dotus (v. 37, vii. 98). [P. S.]
TYCUS. [QUARTINUS.] TYMPA'NUS, L. POSTUIMIUS, quaestor
TYDEUS (Tuveus), a son of Oeneus and Peri- B. c. 194, slain in battle by the Boii. (Liv.
boea (Gorge or Althaea), was the husband of xxxiv. 47.)
Deipyle, by whom he became the father of Dio- TYNDAREUS (Tvrdapeows), the son of Perimedes; he was king of Calydon, and one of the eres and Gorgophone, and a brother of Aphareus,
princes who joined Polyneices in the expedition Leucippus, Icarius, and Arete (Apollod. i. 9. ~ 5)
against Thebes. (Apollod. i. 8. ~ 5; Hornm. I1. ii. or according to others (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 4), a son
406, xiv. 115, &c.) of Oebalus, by the nymph Bateia or by Gorgophone.
Tydeus was obliged to flee from his country in (Paus. iii. 1. ~ 4.) Tyndareus, with Icarion, being
consequence of some murder which he had corn- expelled by his step-brother Hippocoon and his
mitted, but which is differently described by the sons, he fled to Thestius in Aetolia, and assisted
different authors, some saying that he killed his him in his wars against his neighbours. Others
father's brother, Melas, Lycopeus, or Alcathous; (Paus. 1. c.) state that Icarion assisted Hippocoon,
others that he slew Thoas or Aphareus, his mo- and, according to a Laconian tradition, Tyndareus
ther's brother; others that he slew his brother went to Pellana in Laconia, and according to a
Olenias, and others again that he killed the Messenian tradition, he went to Aphareus in Messons of Melas, who had revolted against Oeneus senia. (Paus. iii. l. ~ 4, 21. ~ 2.) In Aetolia he
(Schol. ad Stat. Thleb. i. 280, 402). He fled to married Leda, the daughter of Thestius (Apollod.
Adrastus at Argos, who purified him from the iii. 10. ~ 5; Eurip. Iph. Aul. 49), and afterwards
murder, and gave him his daughter DeYpyle in he was restored to his kingdom of Sparta by Hemarriage. With Adrastus he then went against racles. (Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 3, iii. 10. ~ 5; Paus. ii.
Thebes, where he was wounded by Melanippus, 18. ~ 6; Diod. iv. 33.) By Leda, Tyndareus
who, however, was slain by him. (Apollod. 1. c.; became the father of Timandra, Clytaemnestra and
Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 288, 971.) When Tydeus PhilonoU. (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 6; Hoem. Od. xxiv.
lay on the ground wounded, Athena appeared to 199.) One night Leda was embraced both by
him with a remedy which she had received from Zeus and Tyndareus, and the result of this was
Zeus, and which was to make him immortal. This, the birth of Polydeuces and Helena, the children
however, was prevented by a stratagem of Amphi- of Zeus, and of Castor and Clytaemnestra, the
araus, who hated Tydeus, for he cut off the head children of Tyndareus. (Hygin. Fab. 77; comp.
of Melanippus and brought it to Tydeus, who cut DIOscURI; HELENA; CLYTAEMNESTRA.) When
it in two and ate the brain, or devoured some of Tyndareus saw that his beautiful daughter Helena
the flesh. (Schol. ad Pind. Nerm. x. 12; comp. was beleaguered by suitors, he began to be afraid,
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1273.) Athena seeing this, lest if one should be successful, the others should
shuddered, and did not apply the remedy which create disturbances, and, on the advice of Odysseus,
she had brought. (Apollod. iii. 6. ~ 8.) Tydeus he put them all to their oath, to protect the suitor
then died, and was buried by Macon. (Paus. ix. 18. that should be preferred by Helena, against any
~ 2; comp. ADRASTUS; AMPHIARAUS.) [L. S.] wrong that might be done to him. (Paus. iii. 20.
TY'DEUS (Tv8SEs). 1. A Chian, son of Ion, ~ 9.) To reward Odysseus for this good advice,
appears to have been a leader of the democratic Tyndareus himself begged Icarius to give to Odysparty in his native island, and was one of those seus his daughter Penelope. (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 9.)
who were put to death in B. c. 412, by Pedaritus Tyndareus was believed to have built the temple
the Lacedaemonian, for attachment to the Athenian of Athena Chalcioecus at Sparta. (Paus. iii. 17. ~
cause. It is possible that his father was no other 3.) When Castor and Polydeuces had been rethan Ion, the tragic poet. (Thuc. viii. 38.) [ION, ceived among the immortals, Tyndareus invited
No. 1; PEDARITUS.] Menelaus to come to Sparta, and surrendered his
2. An Athenian, was one of the three additional kingdom to him. (Apollod. iii. 11. ~ 2.) His
generals who were appointed in B. c. 405 to share tomb was shown at Sparta as late as the time of
the command of the fleet with Conon, Philocles, Pausanias (iii. 17. ~ 4). [L. S.]
and Adeimantus. Tydeus and Menander, one of TYNDA/RION (Tuvvapiwv,), a tyrant of Tauhis colleagues, are particularly mentioned by Xe- romenium in Sicily, who invited Pyrrhus over from
nophon as contemptuously rejecting the advice of Italy in B. C. 278. Pyrrhus directed his course first
Alcibiades before the battle of Aegos-potami in the to Tauromenium, and received reinforcements from
same year; and we find in Pausanias that he and Tyndarion. (Diod. Eel. viii. p. 495; comp. Plut.
Adeimantus were suspected by their countrymen Pyrrh. 23; Droysen, Geschichte des Hellenismzus, vol.
of having been bribed by Lysander. He was put ii. p. 150.) [E. E.]
to death by the Spartans, as we may conclude, TYPHON or TYPHOEUS (Tia'dwv, TvucoeVs,
after the battle, together with the other Athenian Tvprcos), a monster of the primitive world, is deprisoners. (Xen. Ilell. ii. 1. ~~ 16, 26; Paus. x. scribed sometimes as a destructive hurricane, and
9.) [ADEIMANTUS.] [E. E.] sometimes as a fire-breathing giant. According to
TYMNES (TVPuvr1s), an epigrammatic poet, Homer (Ii. ii. 782; comp. Strab. xiii. p. 929) he
whose epigrams were included in the Garland of was concealed in the country of the Arimi* in the
Meleager, but respecting whose exact date we earth, which was lashed by Zeus with flashes of
have no further evidence; for the grounds on which lightning.
Reiske supposes that he was a Cretan, and that In Hesiod Typhaon and Typhoeus are two dishe was contemporary with Meleager, are very tinct beings. Typhaon there is a son of Typhoeus
slight. There are seven of his epigrams in the
Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 505; * Ely'AptiuoLs, of which the Latin poets have
Jacobs, Anthol. Graec. vol. i. p. 256, vol. xiii. made Inarimne (Virg. Acn. ix. 716; Ov. Mlet.
p. 963; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp. 498, xiv. 89).