A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

OCRISIA. OCTAVIA. 3
extant work ls the original itself, which the brevity (Dionys. iv. 1, 2; Ov. Fast. vi. 625, &c.; Plin.
and simple close reasoning render a probable con- 1r. N. xxxvi. 27. s. 70; Festus, s. v. Not/zsum;
clusion. Plut. de Fort. Rom. 10; Niebuhr, Jiist. of Rome,
This small treatise is divided into four chapters. vol. i. p. 364.)
The first chapter shows that the whole (To wsri, OCTACI'LIUS. [OTACILIUS.]
or 4 KcOoeos) had no beginning, and will have no OCTAVE'NUS, a Roman jurist, who is cited
end. He maintains that it is consistent with his by Valens (Dig. 36. tit. 1. s. 67), by Pomponins,
views of the Cosmos that men have always existed, who couples him with Aristo (Dig. 40. tit. 5. s. 20),
but he admits that the earth is subject to great and by Paulus, who joins him with Procnlus (Dig.
revolutions, that Greece (Hellas) has often been 18. tit. 6. s. 8), from which we may conclude that
and will be barbarous, and that it has sustained he lived after the time of Tiberius. It has been
great physical changes. The object of the sexual. conjectured that he wrote on the Lex Jhalll et
intercourse, he says, is not pleasure, but the pro- Papia, but the passages alleged in proof of this
creation of children and the permanence of the (Dig. 23. tit. 2. s. 44, 40. tit. 9. s. 32) are not
human race. Accordingly, the commerce of the decisive. He is also quoted by Ulpian and
sexes should be regulated by decency, moderation, others. [G. L.]
and congruity in the male and female, in order that OCTA'VIA, 1. The elder daughter of C. Octahealthy beings may be produced, and that families vius, praetor, B. C. 6 1, by his first wife, Ancharia,
may be happy; for families compose states, and and half-sister of the emperor, Augustus. (Suet.
if the parts are unsound, so will the whole be. The Aug. 4.) Plutarch erroneously makes this Octavia
book appears to be a fragment. The physical the wife of Marcellus and of M. Antonius.
philosophy is crude and worthless, but the funda- 2. The younger daughter of C. Octavius, by his
mental ideas are clearly conceived and happily second wife, Atia, and own sister of the emperor,
expressed. Augustus, was married first to C. Marcellus,
The best editions are by A. F. W. Rudolphi, consul, B. c. 50, and subsequently to the triumnvir,
Leipzig, 1801-8, with copious notes and cornm- M. Antonius. (Suet. 1. c.) Plutarch (Anton. 31),
mentaries, and by Mullach; the latter edition as has been remarked above, makes the elder
bears the title, "Aristotelis de Melisso, Xenophane Octavia the wife of the triumvir;and he has
et Gorgia Disputationes curn Eleaticorum phliloso- lately found a supporter of his opinion in Weichert
phorum fragmentis, et Ocelli Lucani, qui fertur, (De Cassio Parmesensi, p. 348, &c.), though some
de universa natura libello." Berlin, 1846. There modern scholars, adopting the views of Perizonius,
is another good edition by Batteux, Paris, 1768, have decided in favour of the authority of Suethree vols. 12mo. An edition was published at tonius. The question is fully discussed by DruBerlin, 1762, 8vo., by the Marquis d'Argens, with mann (Geschlichte Roms, vol. iv. p. 235), who
a French translation, and a good commentary. adheres, on good reasons as it appears to us, to the
Ocellus was translated into English by Thomas opinion of Perizonius; but for the arguments
Taylor, 1831, 8vo. [G. L.] adduced on each side of the question we must
O'CHIMUS ('OXqlos), a Rhodian king, a son refer the reader to Drullann.
of Helios and Rhodos. He was nmarried to the Octavia had been married to Marcellus before
nymph Hegetoria, and the father of Cydippe, who the year B. c. 54, for Julius Caesar, who was her
married Ochimus' brother Cercaphus. (Diod. v. great uncle, was anxious to divorce her from Mar56, 57; Plut. Queaest. Grace. 27.) [L. S.] cellus that she might marry Pompey, who had
OCHUS. [ARTAXERXES III.] then just lost his wife, Julia, the only daughter of
OCNUS, a son of Tiberis and NManto, and the Caesar. (Suet. Caues. 27.) Pompey, however,
reputed founder of the town of Mantua, though declined the proposal, and Octavia's husband conaccording to others he was a brother or a son of tinued to be one of the warmest opponents of
Auletes, and the founder of Cesena in Gaul. (Serv. Caesar. [MARCELLUS, No. 14.] But after the
ad Aen. x. 1 98.) [L. S.] battle of Pharsalia he sued for and easily obtained
O'CREA, C. LU'SCIUS, a senator mentioned the forgiveness of the conqueror; and Octavia
by Cicero in his speech for Roscius, the actor appears to have lived quietly with her husband at
(c. 1 4). Rome till the assassination of the dictator in B. C.
OCRI'SIA or OCLI'SIA, the mother of Servius 44. She lost her husband towards the latter end
Tullhus, according to the old Roman legends. She of B. c. 41; and as Fulvia, the wife of Antony,
was one of the captives taken at the conquest of died about the same time, Octavianus and Antonsy,
Corniculum by the Romans, and in consequence of who had lately been at variance, cenlented their
her beauty and modesty was given by Tarquinius reconciliation by the marriage of Octavia to Antony.
as a handmaid to his queen, Tanaquil. One day, Octavia was at the time pregnant by her former
in the royal palace, when she was presenting some husband, but the senate passed a decree by which
cakes as an offering to the household genius, she saw she was permitted to marry at once. This marin the fire the genitale of a man. Tanaquil corn- riage caused the greatest joy among all classes, and
manded her to dress herself as a bride, and to shut especially in the army, and was regarded as a harherself up alone in the chapel, in which the miracle binger of a lasting peace. Octavianus was warmly
had occurred. Thereupon she became pregnant attached to his sister, and she possessed all the
by a god, whom some regarded as the Lar of the charms, accomplishments and virtues likely to fashouse, others as Vulcan. The offspring of this cinate the affections and secure a lasting influence
connexion was Servits Tullhius. The more prosaic over the mind of a husband. Her beauty was
account represents her as having been first the universally allowed to be superior to that of Cleowife of Spurius Tuilisus in Corniculum or at Tibur, patra, and her virtue was such as to excite even
and relates that after she was carried to Rome she admiration in an age of growing licentiousness arind
married one of the clients of Tarquinius Priscus, corruption. Plutarch only expresses the feelinlg,
and became by him the mother of Servius Tullius. of her contemporaries when he calls her Xpaoia 3 avr 2