A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TURIBIUS. TURNUS. 1191
1; Ascon. in Scaur. p. 28, ed. Orelli; Cic. ad Att. ~ 51; Baehr, Geschichte der Rtlm. Litterat. Suppl.
vii. 3, 8, 9, viii. 15, ix. 10, 19, x. 3, ad Fam. iv. Band. 2te Abtheil. ~ 167.) [W. R.]
4. ~ 4.) TU'RIUS. 1. L. TUaRIs, was accused by
2. C. VOLCATIUS TULLUS, probably a son of Cn. Gellius and defended by Cato the Censor.
No. 1, since Cicero says that L. Tullus and Serv. (Gell. xiv. 2.) As nothing is known respecting
Sulpicius had sent their sons to fight against Pom- either this L. Turius or Cn. Gellius, a wide field is
pey. (Cic. ad Att. x. 3.) C. Tullus fought under opened for learned trifling. The different conCaesar in the Gallic war, and likewise distin- jectures started are given by Meyer. (Orator.
guished himself at the siege of Dyrrhachium in Ronzan. Fragm. p. 140, foll., 2nd ed.)
B. c. 48. (Caes. B. G. vi. 29, B. C. iii. 52.) 2. L. TuRIus, characterized by Cicero as an orator
3. L. VOLCATIUS TULLUS, son of No. 1, was of small talent but great diligence, failed in obpraetor urbanus in B. C. 46, and consul with Octa- taining the consulship only by a few centuries.
vian in n. c. 33. (Cic. ad Famz. xiii. 41; Dion (Cic. Brat. 67.) This Turius can hardly be the
Cass. xlix. 43; Appian, Illyr. 27.) same person as the preceding, as he is mentioned
TURA'N1US. [TURRANIUs.] by Cicero with M. Piso, P. Murena, C. Censorinus,
TURBO, a gladiator of small stature but great C. Macer, C. Piso, and L. Torquatus, all of whom
courage. (Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 310, with the Schol.) were the contemporaries of Cicero.
TU'RCIUS RUFUS APRONIA'NUS AS- 3. Q. TURIUS, a negotiator or money-lender in
TEIRIUS. [AsTERIUS.] the province of Africa, where he died. Cicero
TURBO, MA'RCIUS LIVIA'NUS, a dis- wrote to Q. Cornificius in B. C. 44, begging him to
tinguished general under Trajan and Hadrian. He support the validity of the will of Turius against
was sent by the former emperor in A. D. 115 to the attempts of his freedman Turias Eros. (Cic.
Egypt to suppress the insurrection of the Jews at ad Fanz. xii. 26.)
Cyrene, which he effected without much difficulty. 4. TvRius, a corrupt judge in the time of
On the accession of Hadrian (A. D. 117), with Horace. (Hor. Sat. ii. 1. 49.)
whom he had lived on intimate terms during the TURNUS (Tdpvos), a son of Daunus and
life-time of Trajan, he was raised to offices of Venilia, and king of the Rutulians at the time of
higher honour and trust. He was first sent into the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. (Virg. Aen. x. 76,
Mauritania to quiet the disturbances in that pro- 616.) He was a brother of Juturna and related
vince which were supposed to have been excited to Amata, the wife of king Latinus. (xii. 138.)
by Q. Lusius Quietus [QuIETus], and he was Alecto, by the command of Hera, stirred him up
afterwards appointed to the government of Pan- to fight against Aeneas after his landing in Italy.
nonia and Dacia with the title of Egyptian Prae- (vii. 408, &c.) He appears in the Aeneid as a
feet, that he might possess greater weight and brave warrior, but in the end he fell by the hand
influence. Subsequently he was summoned to of the victorious Aeneas (xii. 926, &c.). Livy (i. 2)
Rome, and raised to the important dignity of and Dionysius also mention him as king of the.
Praefectus Praetorio in place of Attianus. In the Rutulians, who allied himself with the Etruscans
discharge of the duties of this office, he was most against the Latins, consisting of Aborigenes and
assiduous; but nevertheless, like all the other Trojans. The Rutulians according to their account
friends of Hadrian, was at length treated with indeed were defeated, but Aeneas fell. (Comp.
ingratitude by the emperor. Turbo was fifty years AENEAS.) [L. S.]
of age at the time of his death, as we learn from TURNUS, a Roman satyric poet. According
an inscription on his tomb. (Euseb. H. E. iv. 2; to the old scholiast upon Juvenal, who quotes two
Spart. Iladr. 4-9, 15; Dion Cass. lxix. 18; lines from one of his pieces, he was a native of
Gruter, p. 437. 1.) Aurunca, of servile extraction (libertini generis),
TURDUS, C. PAPI'RIUS, tribune of the the brother of Scaeva Memor the tragedian, and
plebs, B.C. 178. (Liv. xli. 6.) This is the only rose to honour and power at court under the Fla.
person of this family mentioned. Cicero speaks of vian dynasty. He is mentioned in terms of high
the Turdi as a plebeian family of the Papiria gens praise by Martial, by Rutilius, and by Sidonius
(ad Fare. ix. 21. ~ 3). Apollinaris. We possess thirty hexameters, formTU'RIA, the wife of Q. Lucretius Vespillo, ing a portion of, apparently, a long satyric poem,
concealed her husband when he was proscribed by the subject being an enumeration of the crimes and
the triulmvirs in B. C. 43. (Val. Max. vi. 7. ~ 2; abominations which characterised the reign of
Appian, B. C. iv. 44.) [VESPILLO.] Nero. This fragment was first published from a
TURI'BIUS, a Spanish bishop, a bitter enemy MS. by J. L. G. de Balzac in his " Entretiens"
and persecutor of the Priscillianists. About the (12mo. Amst. 1663), was copied by Burmann into
year A. D. 447, before he was elevated to the epis- his " Anthologia Latina" (vi. 94, or No. 190, ed.
copal dignity, he published a letter still extant, Meyer), and by Wernsdorf, into his Poetae Laentitled Epistola de non recipiendis in auctoritatem tini Minores (vol. iii. p. lvii. p. 77). The latter
Fidei apocryphis Scripturis, et de secta Priscillianis- employs same arguments which, to a certain extarmn, addressed to his friends Idacius and Cepo- tent, bear out his conjecture that the piece ought
nius. A letter to Pope Leo the Great, and va- to be ascribed to Turnus; but the evidence is of a
rious tracts connected with the controversy, have very indirect and uncertain description. (Vet.
perished. Schol. in Jav. i. 20, 71; Martial, vii. 97, xi. 10;
The Epistle to Idacius and Ceponius was first Rutil. Numat. i. 599; Sidon. Apollin. Carm. ix.
printed by Ambrosius de Morales, in his Historia 267; F. A. Wolf, Vorlesungen fiber Rom. Litt. p.
Hispaniae, lib. xi. 26, and will be found in the 231; Zumpt, ad Rutil. NAmat. 1. c.) [W. R.]
editions of the works of Leo by Quesnell and by TURNUS (Toipvos), a statuary, known only
the brothers Ballerini, inserted immediately after by the single passage in which Tatian mentions
the letter of Leo to Turibius, which is numbered his statue of the courtezan LaYs. (Orat. ad Graec.
xv. (Schoenemann, Biblioth. Patrunm Latt. vol. ii. 55, p. 121, ed. Worth: Aats?ir0pvetVo, real S
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