A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1190 TULLIUS. TULLUS.
There can be little doubt that the number in the laws ascribed to him; since the original laws,
Dionysius is the correct one. According to Livy's if they were ever committed to writing, must long
number cases might have arisen in which it was since have perished. (Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome,
impossible to obtain a majority, as ninety-seven vol. i. p. 249.)
might have voted for a measure and ninety-seven The principal modern writers who have treated
against it. Moreover, Cicero (de Rep. ii. 22) de- of the Servian constitution are: Niebuhr, Hist. of
scribes ninety-six as the minority. The other Rome, vol. i. p. 398, foll.; Giittling, Geschichte der
discrepancies between Livy and Dionysius are of Rimischen Staatsverfassung, p. 230, foll.; Gerlach,
no great importance, and need not be discussed Die Verfassung d. Servius in i7trer Entwickelung,
further in this place. Basel, 1837; Huschke, Die Verfassung d. Kin.
The Assembly of the Centuries, or Comitia Cen- Serv. Tull., Heidelberg, 1838; Peter, Epoclhen d.
turiata, was made by Servius, as we have already Verfassungsgesch. der Romisch. Republ., Leigzig,
remarked, the sovereign assembly of the nation, 1841; Walter, Gesch. d. R;misch. Rechts, p. 31,
and it accordingly stept into the place formerly fell., 2nd ed.; Becker, Handbucl d. Rnmisch. Alteroccupied by the Comitia Curiata. Servius trans- thiimer, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 164, foell.
ferred to it from the latter assembly the right of TU'LLIUS TIRO. [TImo.]
electing kings and the higher magistrates, of TU'LLIUS VALENTI'NUS. [VALENTINUS.]
enacting and repealing laws, and of deciding TULLUS, A/TTIUS. [TULLIUS, ATTIUS.]
upon war, and jurisdiction in cases of appeal from TULLUS, CALVI'SIUS. 1. C., consul with
the sentence of a judge. He did not, however, A. Cornelius Palma in A. D. 109 (Fasti).
abolish the Comitia Curiata, but on the contrary 2. P., consul suffectus in A. D. 110.
he allowed them very great power and influence TULLUS, CLOE'LIUS or CLUI'LIUS.
in the state. He not only permitted them to [CLOELIUS TULLUS.]
retain the exercise of such rights as affected their TULLUS HOST'LITUS. [HoSTILIUS.]
own corporations, but he enacted that no vote of TULLUS, M. MAECI'LIUS, a triumvir of
the Comitia Centuriata should be valid till it had the mint under Augustus, known only from coins,
received the sanction of the Comitia Curiata. This a specimen of which is annexed. On the obverse
sanction of the Curiae is often expressed by the is the head of Augustus with CAESAR AVGVST.
words patrum auctoritas or patres auctores facti, in PONT. MAX. TRIBVNIC. POT., and on the reverse
which phrase patres mean the patricii. In course of M. MAEcILIVS TVLLVS IIIVIR A. A. A. F. F.
time the sanction of the Curiae was abolished, or (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 240.)
at least became a mere matter of form; but the
successive steps by which this was accomplished
do not belong to the present inquiry, and are related elsewhere. (Diet. of Antiq. s. vv. Auctor,
Comitia, p. 333, a, Plebs, 2d ed.)
Although Servius gave the plebeians political
rights and recognised them as the second order of
the Roman people, it must not be supposed that he
placed them on a footing of equality with the pa- 1
tricians. From the time of Servius they were cives, ti A A d
they had the jus civitatis, but not in its full extent. @ w d
The jus civitatis included both the jus publicumr
and the jus privatum; but of each of these rights
they possessed only a portion. Of the jus publicurn COIN OF M. MAECILIUS TULLUS.
Servius gave to them only the jus suffiragii, or right
of voting in the comitia centuriata, but not the jus TULLUS, VOLCA'TIUS. 1. L. VOLCATIIS
honorum, or eligibility to the public offices of the TULLUS, consul B. C. 66 with M'. Aemilius Lepistate. Of the jus privatum Servius conferred upon dus. He is mentioned by Cicero in his oration for
them only the commercium, by virtue of which Plancius (c. 21) as one of those distinguished men
they could become owners of land and could ap- who had failed when a candidate for the aedilepear before the courts without the mediation of a ship, but who afterwards obtained the highest,patronus, but he did not grant to them the connu- honours of the state. Volcatius did not take a
bium, or right of marriage with the patricians. prominent part in public affairs, and appears to
Moreover, they had no claim to the use of the have been a man of moderate opinions, and fond of
public land, the possessio of which continued to be quiet. He approved of Cicero's proceedings in his
confined to the patricians, although the conquered consulship, and spoke in the debate in the senate
lands were won by the blood of the second order on the punishment of the Catilinarian conspirators.
as well as of the first; but, as some compensation In the discussion in B. C. 56, respecting the restofor this injustice, Servius is said to have given to ration of Ptolemy Auletes to his kingdom, he was
the poor plebeians small portions of the public land in favour of intrusting this important commission
in full ownership. (Dionys. iv. 9, 10, 13; Liv. i. 46; to Pompey, who had lately returned from the
Zonar. vii. 9.) East. In B. C. 54 he was one of the consulars
The laws of Servius Tullius are said to have who supported M. Scaurus, when he was brought
been committed to writing, and were known under to trial in this year. On the breaking out of the
the name of the Commentcarii Servii Tullii. Diony- civil war, in B. C. 49, he resolved to take no part
sius says (iv. 13) that he regulated the com- in the struggle, but remained quietly in Italy all
mercium between the two orders by about fifty the time. He is spoken of by Cicero in B. C. 46
laws; but the commentaries of Servius Tullius, as an enemy of M. Marcellus, when the latter was
which are cited by later writers, such as Verrius pardoned by Caesar. (Cic. in Cat. i. 6, ad Att. xii.
Flaccus, can only have contained the substance of 21, Philipp. ii. 5, ad Fam. i. 1, 2, 4, ad Q. Fr. ii.