A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

110 PANCRATES. PANDAREOS.
PANAEUS, the engraver of a gem in the royal lates, that when Lollianus was in danger of being
collection at Paris. (Clarac, p. 421.) [P. S.] stoned by the Athenians in a tumult about bread,
PA'NARES (flavadprs), a Cretan, who together Pancrates quieted the mob by exclaiming that
with Lasthenes was one of the leaders of his coun- Lollianus was not an dpTo7r&oAS7s but a Aoyo7rdvA7s
trymen in their resistance to the Roman arms. (Philostr. Vit. Sophist. p. 526;LOLLIANUS). Alci[LASTHENES, No. 3]. After the defeat of their phron also mentions a cynic philosopher of this
united forces near Cydonia, Panares, who had taken name (iii. 55. p. 406).
refuge in that city, surrendered it to the Roman 6. A sophist and rhetorician, who wrote a comgeneral, Q. Metellus, on condition that his life mentary (vdryPvIta) on the TEXysv IPT'opLK of
should be spared. (Diod. Exe. Leg. xl. p. 632; Minucianus. (Suid. s. v.; Eudoc. p. 353.) [P. S.]
Appian. Sic. 6; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 2; Vell. Pat. PA'NCRATIS (IlayKcpdiTs or nayicparcJ), a
ii. 34).. [E. H. B.] daughter of Aloeus and Iphimedeia, in the PhthioPANA'RETUS (IIava.peros), a pupil of Arcesi- tian Achaia. Once when Thracian pirates, under
laus, the founder of the new Academy. He was Butes, invaded that district, they carried off from
noted for the excessive slightness of his person. Mount Drius the women who were solemnizing a
He was intimate with Ptolemy Energetes (about festival of Dionysus. Among them was IphiB. C. 230), from whom he is said to have received medeia and her daughter Pancratis. They were
twelve talents yearly. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. carried to Strongyle or Naxos, where king Agasiii. p. 181; Athen. xii. p. 552, c.; Aelian, H. V. samenus made Pancratis his wife, after the two
x. 6.) [W. M. G.] chiefs of the pirates, Sicelus and Hecetorus (or
PANA'RETUS, MATTHAEUS. [MAT- Scellis and Cassamenus), who were likewise in
THA1EUS, No. 1.] love with her, had killed each other. Otus and
PA'NCRATES and PANCRA'TIUS (IaTy- Ephialtes, the brothers of Pancratis, in the meanicpaT71s, -la-ycpar'tos); these names are so much time came to Strongyle to liberate their mother and
mixed up together by the ancient writers, that it sister. They gained the victory, but Pancratis died.
is best to place under one head the few notices (Diod. v. 50, &c.; Parthen. Erot. 19.) [L.S.]
which we have respecting them. PANCRA'TIUS. [PANCRATES.]
1. An epigrammatic poet, who had a place in PANDA. [EMPANDA.]
the Garland of Meleager, and three of whose PANDA'REOS (IlavsapEows), a son of Merops
epigrams are preserved in the Greek Anthology. of Miletus, is said to have stolen the golden dog
(Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 259; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. which Hephaestus had made, from the temple of
vol. i. p. 191.) We have no other indication of Zeus in Crete, and to have carried it to Tantalus.
his time than that afforded by his being in Mele- When Zeus sent Hermes to Tantalus to claim the
ager's collection, which shows that he lived in or dog back, Tantalus declared that it was not in his
before the first century of our era. Some writers possession. The god, however, took the animal by
identify him with the following poet:- force, and threw mount Sipylus upon Tantalus.
2. A poet or musician, who appears to have Pandareos fled to Athens, and thence to Sicily,
been eminent in his art, by the notice of him in where he perished with his wife Harmothoe.
Plutarch, who says that " he usually avoided the (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1875; comp. TANTALUS.)
chromatic genus of music, not through ignorance of Antoninus Liberalis (11) calls him an Ephesian,
it, but from choice, and imitated, as he himself and relates that Demeter conferred upon him the
said, the style of Pindar and Simonides, and in a benefit of never suffering from indigestion, if he
word that which is called the ancient by those of should take ever so much food. The whole scene
the present day." (De Alus. 20, p. 1137, e.) of his story lies in Crete, and hence Pausanias (x.
This notice seems to imply that Pancrates lived 30. ~ 1) thinks that the town of Ephesus is not
either at or just before the time of Plutarch, but the famous city in Asia Minor, but Ephesus in
whether he was simply a musician, or a lyric poet, Crete. The story of Pandareos derives more inor a tragedian, the context leaves us altogether in terest from that of his three daughters. Addon,
doubt. the eldest of them, was married to Zethus, the
3. Of Arcadia, the author of a poem on fishery brother of Amphion, by whom she was the mother
(dAteviKad or ~aAdraila epy-a), a considerable frag- of Itylus. From envy of Amphion, who had many
ment of which is preserved by Athenaeus. (Ath. i. children, she determined to murir one of his sons,
p. 13, b., vii. pp. 283, a. c., 305, c., 321, f.) Se- Amaleus, but in the night she mistook her own
veral critics imagine him to be identical with one son for her nephew, and killed him. Some add,
or both of the two preceding poets. (See Burette, that she killed her own son after Amaleus, from
in the Alnsm. de l'Acad. des Inscr. vol. xix. p. 441.) fear of the vengeance of her sister-in-law, Niobe.
Athenaeus quotes two lines, in elegiac metre, from (Eustath. ad Iom. p. 1875.) The two other
the first book of the KoyXoprt's of Pancrates, whom daughters of Pandareos, Merope and Cleodora (acthe subject of the poem and the simple mention of cording to Pausanias, Cameira and Clytia), were,
the name in Athenaeus would lead us to identify according to Homer, deprived of their parents by
with the author of the dcAevTrtCd, while the metre the gods, and remained as helpless orphans in the
suggests the probability that he was also the same palace. Aphrodite, however, fed them with milk,
as the epigrammatist. honey, and wine. Hera gave them beauty and
4. An Alexandrian poet in the time of Hadrian, understanding far above other women. Artemis
who, in acknowledgment of a curious discovery gave them dignity, and Athena skill in the arts.
with which Pancrates made him acquainted in When Aphrodite went up to Olympus to arrange
such a manner as to involve a compliment to him- the nuptials for her maidens, they were carried off
self and Antinoiis, gave him his maintenance in by the Harpies. (Hom. Od. xx. 67, &c., xix. 518,
the Museum of Alexandria. (Ath. xv. p. 677,d. e.) &c.) Polygnotus painted them in the Lesche of
5. Of Athens, a cynic philosopher in the time Delphi in the act of playing at dice, and adorned
of Hadrian and the Antonines. Philostratus re- with wreaths of flowers. [Lt S.]