A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TRYPHONINUS. TUBERO. 1179
Tryphon was defeated and put to death by Antio- tit. 3. s. 78. ~ 4) speaks of giving his opinion in the
chus Sidetes, the brother of Demetrius, in B. C. 139, " auditorium," which may be that of Papinian.
after a reign of three years. For details and autho- Tryphoninus appears to have studied Cicero's
rities, see DEMETRIUS II., p. 967. writings: he quotes the oration Pro Cluentio
(Dig. 48. tit. 19. s. 39). Tryphoninus was in the
Consilium of Severus at the same time with Messius
and Papinian (Dig. 49. tit. 14. s. 50). He was
the author of twenty-one Libri Disputationum, from.Z<U2Lt 1l,which there are seventy-nine excerpts in the
Digest; and he also wrote notes on Cervidius
STi caevola. [G. L.]
TU/BERO, AE'LIUS. 1. P. AELIUS TUBERO, was elected plebeian aedile B. c. 202, but
resigned his office, together with his colleague
COIN OF TRYPHON, KING OF SYRIA. L. Laetorius, because there had been some fault in
the auspices at their election. He was praetor the
TRYPHON, SA'LVIUS, one of the leaders of following year, B. C. 201, when he obtained Sicily
the revolted slaves in Sicily, had been accustomed as his province. In B.C. 189 he was one of the
to play on the flute in the orgies of the women, and ten commissioners sent into Asia after the conwas supposed to have a knowledge of divination, for quest of Antiochus; and in B. C. 177 he was again
which reason he was elected king by the slaves in elected praetor. (Liv. xxx. 39, 40, xxxvii. 55,
B. c. 103. He displayed considerable abilities, and xli. 8.)
in a short time collected an army of 20,000 foot and 2. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, tribune of the plebs
2000 horse, with which he laid siege to Morgan- B. C. 194, proposed a plebiscitum, in accordance
tina, a strong city in Sicily. The propraetor with a decree of the senate, for founding two Latin
P. Licinius Nerva obtained possession of the camp colonies in southern Italy; one among the Bruttii,
of the slaves by surprise, but was afterwards de- and the other in the territory of Thurii. He Nwas
feated by Salvius. After this victory Salvius appointed one of the three commissioners for the
assumed all the pomp of royalty. He administered foundation of the latter colony. (Liv. xxxiv. 53,
justice in the toga praetexta, surrounded himself xxxv. 9.)
with lictors, and took the surname of Tryphon, 3. Q. AELUS TUBERO, the son-in-law of L.
probably because it had been borne by Diodotus, Aemilius Paulus, served under the latter in his war
the usurper of the Syrian throne. He chose the against Perseus, king of Macedonia. After Perstrong fortress of Triocala as the seat of his new seus had been taken prisoner, he was committed
kingdom; and his power was still further strength- by Aemilius to the custody of Tubero. This
ened by the submission of Athenion, who had Tubero, like the rest of his family, was so poor
been elected leader of the slaves in the western that he had not an ounce of silver plate, till his
part of the island. The insurrection had now as- father-in-law gave him five pounds of plate from
sumed such a formidable aspect, that the senate the spoils of the Macedonian monarch. (Liv. xlv.
sent the propraetor L. Licinius Lucullus into Sicily 7, 8; Val. Max. iv. 4. ~ 9; Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 11;
in the following year (B. C. 102) with a force of Plut. Aeemsil. Paul. 28.)
17,000 men, the greater part of which were regu- 4. Q. AELUS TUBERo, the son of No. 3, the
lar Roman or Italian troops. Tryphon, however, jurist. See below TUBERO, jurists, No. 1.
did not hesitate to meet this force in the open 5. L. AELIUS TUBERO, an intimate friend of
field. Athenion, whom he had first thrown into Cicero. He was a relation and a schoolfellow of
prison through jealousy, but had afterwards re- the orator, had served with him in the Marsic
leased, fought under him with the greatest bravery, war, and had afterwards served under his brother
and was severely wounded in the battle. The Quintus as legate in Asia. It is uncertain in what
slaves were defeated with great slaughter, and way he was related to Cicero. The Scholiast on
Tryphon was obliged to take refuge in Triocala. the oration for Ligarius says (pp. 415, 417, ed.
But Lucullus, whether from incapacity or treachery, Orelli) that Tubero married the soror of Cicero.
failed in taking the place, and returned to Rome We know that Cicero had not a sister; but the
without effecting any thing more. Lucullus was brother of the orator's father may have had a
succeeded by C. Servilius; and on the death of daughter, who was married to Tubero; and hence
Tryphon, about the same time, the kingdom of the we may understand soror to signify in this passage,
slaves devolved upon Athenion, who was not sub- as it frequently does, a first cousin, and not a
dued till B. C. 101. (Diod. Eclog. ex lib. XXXVI. sister, (Drumann, Geschlichte Roms, vol. vi. p. 273.)
p. 533, foll. ed. Wess.; Flor. iii. 19.) On the breaking out of the civil war, Tubero, who
TRYPHONI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a Roman had espoused the Pompeian party, received from
jurist, wrote under the united reign of Septimius the senate the province of Africa; but as Atius
Severus, and his son Antoninus Caracalla (Dig. 48. Varus and Q. Ligarius, who likewise belonged
tit. 19. s. 39); and he survived Severus, who died to the aristocratical party, would not surrender it
A. D. 212, for he speaks of " Imperator noster cum to him, he passed over to Pompey in Greece. He
Divo Severo patre suo " (Dig. 27. tit. 1. s. 44). was afterwards'pardoned by Caesar and returned
There is extant a rescript of Antoninus (A. D. 213) with his son Quintus to Rome. (Cic. pro Lig. 4,
addressed to Claudius Tryphoninus, which declares 7, 8, ad Q. Fr. i. 1. ~ 3, pro Plane. 41.) Tubero
that a legacy left by Cornelia Salvia to the " uni- cultivated literature and philosophy. He wrote a
versitas" of the Jews in Antioch could not be sued history (Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1. c.), and the philosopher
for (Cod. 1. tit. 9. s. 1). It is probable that this Aenesidemus dedicated to him his work on the
rescript was addressed to Tryphoninus in the ca- sceptical philosophy of Pyrrhon. (l'hot. Cod.
pacity of Advocatus Fisci. Tryphoninus (Dig. 23. 212.)