A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1162 TOLMIDES. TORQUATA.
joint evidence of the three vases is decisive in 85, xii. 6; Aesch. de Fals. Leg. p. 38; Pans. i.
favour of the form Tlenpolemos. (R. Rochette, 27; Plut. Ages. 19, Per. 16, 18.) [E. E.]
Lettre 4 1AI. Schorn, p. 61, 2d ed.) [P. S.] TOLU'MNIUS, LAR, king of the Veientes,
TLESON, son of Nearchus, a maker of painted to whom Fidenae revolted in B. c. 438, and at
vases, whose name is inscribed, in the following whose instigation the inhabitants of Fidenae slew
manner, on several vases found at Canino, Tosca. the four Roman ambassadors, who had been sent
nella, Corneto, and elsewhere: to Fidenae to inquire into the reasons of their
TVE$ON HONEAPXO EIOIE5EN. recent conduct. The names of these ambassadors,
were C. Fulcinius, Cloelius, or Cluilius Tullus, Sp.
His vases are all in the form of a patera mounted Aritius, and L. Roscius; and statues of all four were
on a tall foot, and of an antique style of workman- placed on the Rostra at Rome, where they conship. Raoul-Rochette regards the addition of the tinued till a late time (Liv. iv. 17; Cic. Phil. ix.
name of the artist's father, on these vases, as a 2; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 6. s. 11). In the war which
novelty borrowed from the Greek vase-makers, and followed, Tolumnius was slain in single combat by
as one of the proofs that the manufacture was not Cornelius Cossus, who dedicated his spoils in the
of Etruscan origin. (R. Rochette, Lettre a:M. temple of Jupiter Feretrius, the second of the three
Schlorn, pp. 61, 62, 2d ed.) [P. S.] instances in which the spolia opima were won.
TMOLUS (TICAAos). 1. The god of Mount (Liv. iv. 18, 19,) [Cossus, p. 865, b.]
Tmolus in Lydia, is described as the husband of TOLYNUS (TAXuvos), of Megara, is supposed
Pluto (or Omphale) and father of Tantalus, and to have been a comic poet of the Old Comedy,
said to have decided the musical contest between before Cratinus, and about contemporary with
Apollo and Pan. (Apollod. ii. 6. ~ 3; Schol. ad Ecphantides, on the authority of a passage in the
Eurip. Or. 5; Ov. Met. xi. 157.) Etymologicum Magnum, which seems to ascribe to
2. A son of Proteus, was killed by Heracles. him the invention of the metre afterwards called
(Tzetz. ad Lyc. 124.) [L. S.] the Cratinean. (Etym. Mag. p. 761. 47, ToAVeLoYE
TOGO'NIUS GALLUS, a senator, proposed srb cKaXoSJueov Kpariveiov /ljspov, IK.. A.) It
in A.D. 32 that Tiberius should choose twenty appears, however, very probable that ToA.veiov, in
senators, who should accompany him as a body- this passage, is only a false reading for TeAX7'eLOV,
guard as often as he went into the senate, a propo- and that the reference is to the lyric poet and
sition which only made Togonius ridiculous, as it musician Tellen. (Meineke, Hist. Crit. Cown. Gracec.
was well known that Tiberius intended never to pp. 38, 39.) [P. S.]
return to Rome. (Tac. Ann. vi. 2; Dion Cass. TO'MYRIS (T'upvpts), a queen of the Massalviii. 17.) getae. According to Herodotus, when Cyrus the
TO'LMIDES (TohuiLors), an Athenian general, Great was contemplating the reduction of that
who in B. C. 455 persuaded the people to send him nation (B. c. 529), Tomyris was a widow, and
with a fleet to cruize round the Peloponnesus, and the Persian king sent an embassy to her with an
ravage the enemy's country. If we may believe offer of marriage. This she indignantly rejected,
Diodorus, 1000 men were voted to him, to be se- and Cyrus then prepared to cross the river Araxes,
lected by himself; but he first prevailed on 3000 and to invade her territory. Tomyris warned him
to join him as volunteers, by assuring them that by a herald not to be guilty of such injustice, but
lie meant at any rate to name them for the service, added that, if he were bent upon it, she would not
and, having thus secured these, he proceeded to dispute with him the passage of the river, but
act on the vote of the assembly, and chose 1000 would either advance three days' journey into his
more. In his expedition he burnt the Lacedae- territory, or allow him to come as far into her's,
monian arsenal at Gythium, took Chalcis, a town that they might decide their quarrel by a fair
of the Corinthians, and disembarking on the Si- battle. Cyrus chose the latter alternative, and by
cyonian territory, defeated the troops that came a stratagem surprised and captured Spargapises,
against him. According to Diodorus, he had pre- the son of Tomyris. The queen demanded his
viously captured Methone, which, however, by the restoration, with the threat that Cyrus, as he loved
arrival of Spartan succours, he was soon obliged to blood, should have plenty of it if he refused her.
relinquish. He also took Naupactus from the Ozo- The Persian would not release his prisoner, who
lian Locrians, and settled there the Messenians, slew himself through grief, and a battle ensued, in
who had been besieged and recently conquered by which Cyrus was defeated and slain. Tomyris is
the Lacedaemonians at Ithome. After the return described by Herodotlls as roaming about the field
of Tolmides to Athens, we hear of his leading after her victory in search of her enemy's body, on
Athenian settlers (KArlpo0Xoi) to Euboea and finding which she fastened his head ill a leathern
Naxos; and in B. C. 447, when the Boeotian bag full of blood, in accordance with her threat.
exiles had returned and seized Chaeroneia and (Herod. i. 205-214.) [E. E.]
Orchomenus, he proposed that he should be sent at TONGI'LIUS. 1. A dissolute youth, was one
once with a body of volunteers to quell the rising. of Catiline's crew. (Cic. in Cat. ii. 2.)
Pericles objected in vain to the expedition as hasty 2. A person ridiculed by Juvenal (vii. 130).
and ill-timed, and Tolmides, having carried his TORA'NIUS. [THORANIUS.]
point, marched into Boeotia with 1000 Athenians TORISMOND. [THORISMOND.]
and some allied troops, and took Chaeroneia, where TORQUA'TA, JUINIA, a Vestal virgin, and
he left a garrison. But near Coroneia he fell in the sister of C. Junius Silanus, interceded on
with a force consisting of the Boeotian exiles who behalf of her brother, who was condemned of treahad gathered together at Orchomenus, some Lo- son in A. D. 22, and obtained from Tiberius a comcrians and Euboean exiles, and others of the same mutation of his punishment. Her name occurs in
party. A battle ensued, in which the Athenians inscriptions. (Tac. Ann. iii. 70, with the note
were utterly defeated, and Tolmides himself was of Lipsius; Spon, Mlliscell, p, 150.) [SILANUS,
slain. (Thucyd. i. 103, 103, 113; Diod. xi. 34, No. 10.]