A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

108s PANAETIUS. PANAETIUS.
chieftains, their proper places in the picture,altl]:ouqi oligarceiical (Arist. Polil. v. 10.) The oecasion
we cannot easily assign those places: this Bdttiger which Panaetius seized for making himself tyran!t
himself has seen in the case of Echetlus; and the arose out of a war with Megara, in which he was
apparition of Theseus rising out of the earth would created general. The oligarchs had carefully preno doubt be connected with the opening of the vented the commonalty from being on a par with
battle. themselves in point of military equipment. PanaeAnother question arises, how the individual tius, under the pretence of a review, found an
chieftains were identified. The expression of opportunity for nmaking an attack upon the oligarchs
Pliny, iconicos duces, can hardly be accepted in the when they were unarmed. a considerable number
sense of actual likenesses of the chieftains; for, to were in this way cut to pieces. Panaetius then,
say nothing of the difficulty of taking likenesses with the aid of his partizans, seized the city, and
of the Persian chieftains, the time at which Pa- made himself tyrant, B. c. 608. (Polyaen. Stratey.
naenus lived excludes the supposition that he v. 47; Euseb. Arm. v. anno 1408; Clinton, F. fI
could have taken original portraits of Miltiades vol. i. anno 608.)
and the other leaders, nor have we any reason to 2. A native of Tenos, the son of Sosimenes.
believe that the art of portrait painting was so far He commanded a vessel of the Tenians which acadvanced in their time, as that Panaenus could companied the armament of Xerxes in his invasion
have had portraits of them to copy from. The of Greece, but apparently by compulsion; for just
true meaning seems to be that this was one of the before the battle of Salamis, Panaetius with his
earliest pictures in which an artist rejected the ship deserted and joined the Greeks, fortunately
ancient plan (which we still see on vases, mir- just in time to confirm the intelligence of the moverors, &c.) of affixing to his figures the names of ments of the Persian fleet which had been brought
the persons they were intended to represent, and by Aristides, but which the Greeks at first could
yet succeeded in indicating who they were by some hardly believe. On account of this service the
other method, such as by an exact imitation of Tenians were recorded on the tripod set up at
their arms and dresses (which may very probably Delphi amongst those who had aided in destroying
have been preserved), or by the representation of the forces of the barbarians. (Herod. viii. 81;
their positions and their well-known exploits. This Plut. Themnist. p. 118. e.).
explanation is confirmed by the passages already 3. The name Panaetius occurs in the list of
cited respecting Callimachus and Cynaegeirus, and those who were accused by Andromachus of having
still more strikingly by a passage of Aeschines been concerned in the mutilation of the Hermes(c. Cles. p. 437), who tells us that Miltiades re- busts at Athens. — Ie, with the rest so charged,
quested the people that his name might be in- excepting Polystratus, escaped, and was condemned
scribed on this picture, but they refused his to death in his absence. There is also a person of
request, and, instead of inserting his name, only the name of Panaetius, who, for aught that appears
granted him the privilege of being painted stand- to the contrary, was the same person, and one of
ing first and exhorting the soldiers. (Comp. Nepos, the four whose names were added by Andocides
Milt. 6.) We learn from an allusion in Persius to the list of Teucer. (Andoc. de Al//yst. p. 7, 26,
(iii. 53) that the Medes were represented in their ed. Reiske). [C. P. M.]
proper costume. Some writers ascribe parts of this PANAE'TIUS (rIavafrtos), son of Nicagoras,
picture to Micon and Polygnotus, but it was most descended from a family of long-standing celebrity,
probably the work of Panaenus alone. (Bittiger, was born in the island of Rhodes (Suid. s. t.;
Arch. d. Malerei, p. 251). Strab. xiv. p. 968). He is said to have been a
Pliny, moreover, states that Panaenus painted pupil of the grammarian Crates, who taught in
the roof of the temple of Athena at Elis with a Perganmum (Strab. xiv. p. 993, c.), and after tlat
mixture of milk and saffron, and also that he to have betaken himself to Athens, and there
painted the shield of the statue of the goddess, attached himself principally to the stoic Diogenes,
made by Colotes, in the same temple. (Plin. 11. cc.; of Babylon, and his disciple Antipater of Tarsus
BMttiger, Arch. d. Malerei, p. 243.) (Suid. s. v.; Cic. de Diin. i. 3). He also availed
During the time of Panaenus, contests for prizes himself at Athens of the instruction of the learned
in painting were established at Corinth and Delphi, Periegete Polemo, according to Van Lynden's very
that is, in the Isthmian and Pythian games, and probable emendation of the words of Suidas (s. h. v.
Panaenus himself was the first who engaged in one Comp. Van Lynden, Disputatio Historico-critica de
of these contests, his antagonist being Timagoras of Paencetio Rhodio, Lugd. Batav. 1802, p. 36, &c.).
Chalcis, who defeated Panaenus at the Pythian Probably through Laelius, who had attended the
games, and celebrated his victory in a poem. (Plin. instructions, first of the Babylonian Diogenes,
H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 35.) and then of Panaetius (Cic. de Fin. ii. 8), the
Panaenus has been called the Cimabue of ancient latter was introduced to the great P. Scipio Aeinipainting (B1ttiger, I. c. p. 242), but the title is very lianus, and, like Polybius before him (Suid. s. v.
inapproopiate, as he had already beer preceded by fIaalerlos, comp. s. v. IIoAvtlos, and Van Lynden,
Polygnotus, Mlicon, and Dionysius of Colophon, p. 40, &c.), gained his friendship (Cic. de Fin. iv.
who, though his contemporaries, were considerably 9, de Off. i. 26, (de A mni. 5. 27, comp. Orat. pro
older than him. Muren. 31), and accompanied him on the embassy
His name is variously spelt in the MSS. IaldYaos, which he undertook, two years after the conquest
IcivaLvos, and IcavTrcaLos, but Ildcvalvos is the true of Carthage, to the kings of Egypt and Asia in
reading. (See Siebenkees, ad Strab. vol. iii. p. alliance with Rome (Vell. Pat. i. 13. ~ 3; Cic.
129.) [P. S.] cad. ii. 2; Plut. A poplhtd. p. 200, e.; comp. Moral.
PANAE'TIUS (lIavair'os), historical. 1. Ty- p. 777, a.). Panaetius appears to have spent the
rant of Leontini. He was the first who raised latter part of his life in Athens, after the death of
himself to power in that way in Sicily. The Antipater, as head of the stoic school (Cic. de Divin.
governmr.nt of Leontini up to that time had been i. 3); at all events he died in Athens (Suid. s. v.),