A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TISAMENUS. TISICRATES. 1153
hand, the passage extracted by Gellius relates soothsayer, of the family of the Clytiadae, who
entirely to the etymology of the word Szculae. seem to have been a branch of the lamidae, if the
Asconius Pedianus (in Milon. ~ 38) refers to the received reading in Herodotus (ix. 33) is sould.
fourth book of a life of Cicero by Tiro, and he (Comp. Philostr. Vit. A4oll. v. 25; Cic. (de Di'.
was perhaps the compiler of a collection of his i. 41.) According to the story told by-Herodotls,
jests mentioned by both Quintilian (vi. 3. ~ 2), Tisamenus had been assured by the l)elphic oracle
and Macrobius (ii. I). But we owe him a debt of that he should be successful in five great conflicts.
gratitude which never can be adequately acknow- Supposing this to be a promise of distinction as an
ledged if it be true, as many believe, that he was athlete, he devoted himself to gymnastic exercises,
the chief agent in bringing together and arranging and on one occasion was very near winning the
the works of his illustrious patron, and in pre- prize for the pentathlum at Olympia. The Spartans,
serving his correspondence from being dispersed however, understanding the oracle to refer, not to
and lost. (See Cic. ad FaIn. xvi. 17, ad Att. xvi. gymnastic, but to military victories, made great
5.) offers to Tisamnenus to induce him to take with
After the death of Cicero, Tiro purchased a their kings the joint-command of their armies.
farm in the neighbourhood of Puteoli, to which he This he refused to do on any terms short of reretired and lived, according to Hieronymus, until ceiving the full franchise of their city, whereupon
lie reached his hundredth year. the Spartans at first indignantly broke off the neIt is well known that the Romans under the gotiation, but afterwards professed their readiness
empire were acquainted with a species of short- to yield the point. Tisamenus then rising in his
hand writing so as to be able to take down fully demands, stipulated for the same privilege on beand correctly the words of public speakers, however half of his brother HIegias, and this also was
rapid their enunciation (Martial. Ep. xiv. 202; granted him. He was present with the Spartans
Manil. Astron. iv. 197; Senec. Epist. 90). From at the battle of Plataea, in B. c. 379, which, aca notice in the Eusebian chronicle, taken in coin- cording to Herodotus, was the first of the five
bination with some observations in the Oi.igines of conflicts referred to by the oracle, The secondt
Isidorus (i. 21), it has been inferred that Tiro was was with the Argives and Tegeans at Tegea; the
the inventor of the art, and although the expressions third, with all the Arcadians except the Mantiemployed certainly do not warrant such a con- neans, at Dipaea, in the Maenalian territory (both
clusion, yet abbreviations of this description, which between B. c. 479 and 465); the fourth was the
are by no means uncommon in MSS. from the sixth third Messenian War (B. C. 465-455); and the
century downwards, have very generally been de- last was the battle of Tanagra, with the Athenians
signated by the learned as rNotae Tironzianae. The and their allies, in B. C. 457. (Herod. ix. 33-36
whole subject is very fully discussed in the Palaeo- Miiller, Doe. bk. i. ch. 9. ~~ 9-11.)
graphia Critics of Kopp, Pars Prima, 4to. Manh. 2. A descendant apparently of the above, who
1817, p. 18, feoll. took part in the plot of CINADON, and was put to
(See Cic. ad All. iv. 6, vi. 7, vii. 2, 3, 5, xiii. death for it, in n.c. 397. (Xen. IHell. iii. 3. ~
7, ad Faon. lib. xvi., the whole contents of this 1.) [E. E.]
book being addressed to Tiro; Plut. Cic. 41, 49; TISANDER (Toavespos), a statuary of unLersch, die Spracsiphilosop/hie der Altenz, 2te Theil, known country, who flourished at the end of the
p. 46; Engelbronner, Disputatio hist. c'it. de M. fifth century B. c., and made a large number of the
Tullio Tirone, 8vo. Amst. 1804; Lion, Tironicmna, statues in the group which the Lacedaenlon-lans
in Seebode's Arclhiv. fiir Pil/ologie, 1824; Dru- dedicated at Delphi out of the spoils of the victory
mann, Geschichde Roms, vol. vi. p. 409.) [W.R.] of Aegospotaini. (Paus. x. 9. ~ 4. s. 9.) [P. S.]
TIRYNS (T'pvvs), according to Pausanias (ii. TI'SIAS, a Greek statuary, of wlhom! nothing is
25. ~ 7), a son of Argos, from whom the ancient known beyond the mention of his name in Pliny's
city of Tiryns derived its, name; according to list of those artists who made, in bronze, athlesas et
Stephanus of Byzantium it derived its name from armatos et venatores sacrifica2tesque. (Plin. II. N
Tiryns, a daughter of Halus and sister of Amphi- xxxiv. 8. s. 19. ~ 34.) [P. S.]
tryon. [L. S.] TISI'CRATES. 1. An eminent Greek staTISA'GORAS (T:oray/4pas), an artist who tuary, of the school of Lysippus, to whose works
wrought in iron, and dedicated at Delphi a group those of Tisicrates so nearly approached, that
made by himself in that material, representing the many of them were scarcely to be distinguished
contest of Hercules with the hydra. Pausanias from the works of the master. Such were his
mentions this group as an admirable specimen of Theban Old Man, his King Demetrius, and his
that most difficult kind of statuary in metal, but statue of Peucestes, who saved the life of Alexas to who Tisagoras was, he confesses himself el- ander the Great. The words added by Pliny to
tirely ignorant. (Paus. x. 18. ~ 5. s. 6.) [P. S.] his mention of the last work, diygszs tanta gloria,
TISA'MENUS (TrragemYos). 1. A son of show the high estimation in which the artist was
Orestes and Hermione, was king of Argos, but held. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. ~ 8.) Pliny
was deprived of his kingdom when the Heracleidae introduces the name of Tisicrates in such a way as
invaded Peloponnesus. (Apollod. ii. 8. ~ 2; Paus. to cause a doubt, whether he was the disciple of
ii. 18. ~ 5, 38. ~ i, vii. 6. ~ 2.) He was slain in Lysippus himself or of his son Euthycrates; but we
a battle against the Heracleidae (Apollod. ii. 8. ~ think lie means the former. The artist's date nay
3), and his tomb was afterwards shown at Helice, be fixed at about 01. 120, B. C. 300. HIe appears
whence at one time his remains were removed to to have excelled in equestrian groups. Pliny also
Sparta by command of an oracle. (Paus. vii. ]. ~ 3.) mentions a biga of his, to which the artist Pistols
2. A son of Thersander and Demonassa, was added the figure of a woman (l. c. ~ 32). There is
king of Thebes, and the father of Autesion. (Paus. another passage of Pliny, in which the name of Tiiii. 15. ~ 4, ix. 5. ~ 8; Herod. iv. 147.) [L. S.] sicrates occurs in the common editions (I. c. ~ 12);
TISA'MENUS (TMo'aCevod). 1. An Elean where the reading Tisicratis rests on sno other anYVOL. XI. 4 E