A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1150 TIMOTHEUS. TIMOTHEUS.
would probably make on the mind of our own age. curean, is mentioned by Strabo among the distinThere was undoubtedly great power and beauty guished natives of Sinope (xii. p. 546; the words
in the compositions of Timotheus, and if they could are TqLtdOeov rhb claTpiCova).
be restored, even as mere writings, and much 5. Of Athens, the author of a biographical work,
more if they could be reproduced as they were from which Diogenes Lairtius (iii. 5, iv. 3, v. 1,
publicly performed, they would certainly excite our vii. 1) quotes statements respecting Plato, Speuadmiration, whatever might be the judgment of sippus, Aristotle, and Zeno. Nothing is known of
calm criticism. The few fragments which have his age, unless these references be supposed to
come down to us afford ample proof of this. Such furnish any guide to it. Vossius is probably right
a line, for instance, as that with which he led off in supposing him to be a different person from the
his nome entitled Persae, Timotheus whose'Ap'yoAtra and the eleventh book
of whose work on Rivers are quoted by Plutarch
KEL a XW E (de Iluv. 18. 3), and also different from the writer
bears upon it the impress of the true poet. (Paus. to whom Eustathius (ad Dion. Perieg. 421) refers.
viii. 50. ~ 3; Plut. Philop6em. 11.) (Vossius, de Hist. Gr'aec. p. 507, ed. Westermann.)
He composed, according to Stephanus of Byzan- 6. A mythological writer, from whom Arnobius
tium (I. c.), eighteen books of citharoedic nomes, (v. 5) quotes somle statements respecting the
containing eight thousand verses, and rpovo'da Phrygian worship of the mother of the gods.
avbanv X'Ana, according to the correction of Grono- (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 506, ed. Westermann.)
vius, adA63v for Axoowv, and, perhaps too, for 7rpovo'- 7. 0f Gaza, an eminent grammarian, in the timne
/OLa we should read 7rpootllua, but even so the mean- of the emperor Anasmas:us, whose financial admiing is not very clear, for we have no account of any restration he is said to have attacked in a tragedy
flute-music by Timotheus: possibly there is some entitled Xpvadpylvpos, of which no fragments are
confusion between him and the flute-pla-yer of the extant. He flourished therefore at the end of the
same name, who lived in the time of Alexander fitth century of our era. He also wrote a poetl
the Great. Suidas gives a much fuller account of in epic verse, and in four books, on the quadrupeds
his works, and ascribes to him nineteen Musical of India, Arabia, Egypt, and Libya, and on foreign
Nomes, thirty-six Prooems, eight Diasceua-e (oe- and extraordinary birds and serpents. (Suid. s. v.;
Itcota[, which Meineke supposes to meanl cornpo- Tzetz. Chil. iv. 128.)
sitions by other poets, which Timotheus recast and 8. Bishop of Alexandria towards the close of
adapted to his own style of music, Ilist. Crit. Corn. the fourth century, was distinguished for his oppoGracec. p. 32), eighteen Dithyrambs, twenty-one sition to Gregory of Nazianzus. He succeeded
Hymns, solie Enconmiums, and other works; and, his brother Peter in the see of Alexandria in A. D.
besides this general classification of his works, 379, and was present at the second general council
Suidas mentions the following special titles, at Constantinople, in the year 381, where he was'Aprepts, 1ploatl'~ Na'-,rtios, 4vedI, ats, Aae'pTrs. one of the most active agents in the attack upon
Probably, instead of nI'po-at i NavrAtlos, we ought Gregory of Nazianzus, which caused the retireto read IIe'poat, NacVtLXos, as two distinct titles, for mettt of that great and good man, and in the apthe NalrtXos of Timotheuls is quoted by Athenaeus pointmnent of his successor Nectarius. He died
(viii. p. 338) and by Eustathius (ad Od. v. p. 1538). in A. D. 385. He wrote a work on the lives of the
The KvSKAcvI, which appears to have been one of fathers and monks, which is quoted by Sozomen
the most celebrated of his Dithyrambs, has already (H. E. vi. 25), but is now lost. (Cave, Hist. Litt.
been referred to. The few extant fragments of s. a. 380, p. 274, ed. Basil.; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec.
these poems are collected by Bergk, Poetae Lyrici vol. x. pp. 138-293; Clinton, Fast. Romn. s. a.
Graeci, pp. 860-863, and by Kayser, Diatribe in 381).
Ditltyrambum, pp. 96 —120. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. Notices of sqone other ecclesiastics and Christian
vol. i. p. 747, vol. ii. p. 325; Miller, Hist. of Lit. writers of the name will be found in the works of
of Anc. Greece, vol. ii. pp. 59-62; Ulrici, Gescls. Cave, Fabricius, and Schrickh. None of them
d. Hellen. Dichldkunst, vol. ii. pp. 604-610; Bode, seem to require specific mention, except a chrono-'
vol. ii.; Bernhtardy, Gcsch. d. Griech. Litt. vol. ii. grapher, who is quoted by G. Cedrenus and Jo.
pp. 551-554; Kayser, 1. c.; Clinton, Fast. Hellen. Malala. (See Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 507, ed.
vol. ii. s. aa. 398, 357). Westermann.) [P. S.]
3. A very distinguished flute-player of Thebes, TIMO'THEUS (TtdsGOeos), a statuary and
concerning whom a few particulars are mentioned sculptor, whose country is not mentioned, but who
in Lucian's dialogue Harmonides, in which Timo- evidently belonged to the later Attic school of
theus is introduced as discoursing to his disciple the time of Scopas and Praxiteles; for he was one
Harmonides concerning the means of obtaining of the artists who executed the bas-reliefs which
success in his -art. We learn from Suidas that adorned the frieze of the Mausoleum, about 01.
Timotheus flourished under Alexander the Great, 107, B. c. 3.52. Timotheus sculptured the southonl whom his music made so powerful an impression ern side of the frieze, the other three sides being
that once in the midst of a performance by Timo- wrought by Scopas, Bryaxis, and Leochares. (Plin.
theus, of an Orthian Nome to Athena, he started H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 9; Vitruv. vii. Praef. ~ 12;
from his seat, and seized his arms. (Suid. s. vv. SCOPAS; Dict. of Atiq. s. v. icausoleum, 2d ed.)'AAhSavppos,'OpOtaaCiorTwv, TMd4Oeos.) We have This statement also shows the eminence of Timoa suspicion, notwithstanding the opinions of eminent theus as anl artist; for PlIly expressly tells us that
scholars, that this Timotheus has been invented, it was an undetermined question, which of the four
through a series of confusions, out of the celebrated artists had been the most successful (hodieque cerMilesian musician; but it is impossible in such a tant manus). It must, however, be mentioned,
work as this to discuss every complicated question that the Greek writers on the Mausoleum were
of criticism which may present itself. not agreed as to the share of Timtotheus in its
4. A philosopher, follower of Patron the Epi- execution, some ascribing to Praxiteles that side of