A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TIMOTHEUS. TIMOTHEUS. 1147
their own interests in the island. (Diod. xvi. 7; gives him some very common-place advice, and reDem. Olynth. i. p. 11, de Chers. p. 108, c. Androt. commends to his notice a friend of his, named
p. 597; Aesch. c. Ctes. p. 65.) In the following Autocrator, the bearer of the epistle. (Diod. xvi.
year the Social War broke out; and in the second 36; Wess. ad loc.; Memn. ap. Phot. Bibl. 224 -;
campaign of it (B. C. 356) Tinlotheus, Iphicrates, Isocr. Ep. ad Tim.) [CIEARCHIUS.]
and Menestheus were joined with Chares as com- 4. An Athenian, of the priestly family of the
manders of the Athenian fleet. The circumstances Eumolpidae, whom Ptolemy Lagi brought over to
which followed are variously related. According Egypt, to preside over and interpret religious rites
to Diodorus, Chares vainly endeavoured to induce and ceremonies. He was consulted by the king
his colleagues to engage the enemy in a storm, and, when, in consequence of a dream, he was contemon their refusal, wrote to the people, accusing them plating the introduction of the foreign deity Seof treachery. The account of C. Nepos is that rapis. (Tac. Hist. iv. 83; Plut. de Is. et Osir.
Chares, having risked a battle in spite of the 28.) [E. E.]
weather, was defeated, and, in order to screen TIMO'TI-IEUS (Tituo0ios), literary. 1. An
himself, laid the blame on the other generals for Athenian comic poet of the Middle Comedy, of
not supporting him. Any how they were recalled, whose plays we have the following titles, Kvvdapov
and Iphicrates and Menestheus were brought to (Ath. vi. p. 243, d; Suid.), riKCT-Ss, rlapKata'atrial first, the prosecution being conducted by Ari- OK7q, and MeTaCaAo7,ucevos or Me'aeqepos.e'vos.
stophon the Azenian. They were acquitted; but The only fragments of his dramas extant are the
Timotheus was nevertheless afterwards arraigned, three lines quoted by Athenaeus from the first of
probably in B. c. 354, and condemned to the crush- the above plays, and three other lines, without the
ing fine of 100 talents (more than 24,0001.). From title of the comedy to which they belong (Append.
Deinarchus we learn that the main charge against Florent. ad Slob. p. 23. 7, ed. Gaisford). Three of
him was the having received bribes from the Chians the above titles are identical with those of plays
and Rhodians, and the truth of this, if we follow ascribed to other poets; namely, there is a IlsUK'77S
the common reading in the passage (Dein. c. Dem. by Timocles, a Ilapacaa'raO'r c by Aristophon, Sop. 92), he himself confessed. According to Iso- pater, Sophilus, and Timostratus, and a MeTacrates, his condemnation was caused chiefly by his cp/epOA1eEos by Poseidippus. The KSKcAw*/, which
haughty and unbending demeanour, and by his re- Harless adds to the list of the comedies of Timofusal to pay court to the people and the popular theus, is evidently the title of a work of the celeorators. Be that as it may, he was unable to pay brated dithyrambic poet Timotheus. (Fabric. Bibl.
the fine, and withdrew to Chalcis in Euboea, where Grace. vol. ii. p. 505; Meineke, Firag. Com. Graec.
he died shortly after. The Athenians subsequently vol. i. p. 428, vol. ii. p. 589; Editio Minor, p.
remitted nine-tenths of the penalty, and allowed 798.)
his son Conon to expend the remainder on the 2. The celebrated musician and poet of the later
repair of the walls, which the famous Conon had Athenian dithyramb, was a native of Miletus,
restored. (Isocr. fIepi'Avr-L. ~~ 137, &c.; Diod. and the son of Thersander (Steph. Byz. s. v.
xvi. 21; C. Nep. Tim. 3, 4; Deinarch. c. Philocl. MiX/ros; Alcarm. _Par. Ep. 77; Alex. Aetol. ap.
p. 110; Ael. V. H. iii. 47, xiv. 3; Perizon. ad Macrob. Sat. v. 22; Suid. s. v.). Suidas calls him
loc.) a son of Thersander, or Neomysus, or Philopolis;
The character of Timotheus was marked by but, as Schmidt observes, when Suidas mentions
mildness and amiability, even though we should set several names for a person's father, the first is
against this the haughtiness and the somewhat pre- usually the one which he has obtained from the
sumptuous self-reliance which his brilliant successes best authorities; and the same scholar has sugseem to have produced in him. Like his contem- gested that the name Neo/ut5'ou should perhaps be
poraries Chabrias and Chares, he preferred residing read Neop/ote'OU, which is very likely to be the illabroad when he could,-a preference which may vention of a comic poet, in allusion to the innoble ascribed at least as much to the glaring evils of vations made by Timotheus in music. (Diatribe
the Athenian democracy as to the luxurious pro- in Ditlpyramb. pp. 96, 97.)
pensities which have been, on no very strong The date of Timotheus is marked by the angrounds, imputed to him. The eloquence and cients with tolerable precision. According to the
learning which were united with his military ta- Parian marble, he died in B. C. 357, in the ninelents, must be traced in a great measure to his in- tieth year of his age, which would place his birth
timnate friendship with Isocrates, who frequently in B. c. 446; but Suidas (s.v.) says that he
attended him in his campaigns, and wrote his de- lived ninety-seven years. The period at which he
spatches for him. As a general he possessed some flourished is described by Suidas as about the
of the highest qualities, and held in contempt that times of Euripides, and of Philip of Macedon;
fiery rashness which, as in the case of Chabrias, and he is placed bya Diodorus with Philoxenus,
forgets the special duties of the commander in the Telestes, and Polyeidus, at 01. 95, B. c. 398.
mere dashing gallantry of the soldier. (Ael. V. II. (Diod. xiv. 46). The absence of any mention of
ii. 10, 18; Ath. x. p. 419, c., d., xii. p. 532, b.; Timotheus by Aristophanes (unless we suppose
Cic. Tuse. Quaest. v. 35, de Orat. iii. 34, de Off. i. him to have been one of the mlalny Timothei who,
32; Nep. Chabr. 3; Plut. Sull. 6, Reg. et Im"p. as the Scholiast on the ]'lutus, v. 180, tells us, were
Apoph. Tim. 2.)' attacked by the poet) is a proof that he could not
3. Son of Clearchus, the tyrant of Heracleia on have attained to much eminence before the date
the Euxine. After the death of his father in B. c. mentioned by Diodorus; but yet it must have
353, he succeeded to the sovereignty, under the been before that year that his innovations in music
guardianship, at first, of his uncle Satyrus, and began to attract public attention; for we have the
held the rule for fifteen years. There is extant a testimony not only of Suidas, but also of Plutarch
letter addressed to him by Isocrates, in which the (see below) to the fact of his commencing his career
rhetorician commends him for his good qualities, during the life-time of Euripides, and we have also