A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1 146 TIMOTHEUS. TIMOTI1EUS.
he was building in the Peiraeeus. A considerable mus, but the latter passed over to the service of
time, however, was expended in these preliminary Cotys, in ships with which the Athenians themoperations, the danger of losing Corcyra was be- selves had furnished him; and it was now perhaps
conling more and more imminent, and Timotheus, that, despairing of any effectual assault on Ambeing accused by Iphicrates and Callistratus, was phipolis, Timotheus turned his arms against the
deposed from his comlmand, and recalled to Athens Olvnthians, from whom, with the help of king
to stand his trial. This came on in the autumn of Perdiccas, he took Potidaea and Torone; and folthe same year, and he obtained an acquittal princi- lowed up these successes, if we may believe Isopally through the intervention of Jason of Pherae, crates, his friend and panegyrist, with the capture
and Alcetas, king of Epeirus, who had come to of all the Chalcidian towns. It was in the same
Athens to intercede for him. In the oration year, if we adopt the chronology of Diodorus, that
against him written for Apollodorus, son of Pasion, lie rejected an application from the nobles of Heraand ascribed to Demosthenes, there are many cleia on the Euxine to aid them against the people;
statements connected with the circumstances of and in the same year, too, he relieved Cyzicus
Timotheus at this period, which we must of course from a siege in which it was hard pressed, perhaps
regard with suspicion; but we learn from it cer- by the Persian garrison, which the citizens had
tainly that he was now reduced to great pecuniary ejected, perhaps, according to a conjecture of Mitembarrassments, having probably expended his ford, by the armament of Epaminondas, who at
money in the public service, and was even com- the time was endeavouring to make Thebes a naval
pelled to borrow from Pasion wherewithal to re- power, and to contest with Athens the sovereignty
ceive his distinguished guests above mentioned of the sea. The chronology, however, of the oper(Xen. Hell. vi. 2. ~~ 11-1 3; Diod. xv. 47; Dem. ations of Timotheus at this period is very uncerc. Tim. pp. 1186-1192, &c.; Corn. Nep. Tim. 4). tain; but on the whole it appears probable, followIn the following year (B. c. 372) he entered into ing the views of Rehdantz, in preference to those
the service of Artaxerxes II., king of Persia, and of Thirlwall, that his campaign in the Chersonesus
went to command against Nectanabis I. in Egypt; against Cotys was subsequent to his attempt on
but of his operations in this quarter we have no Amphipolis. The latter turned out an utter failure,
record (Dem. c. Tim. pp. 1191, 1192, 1195). It the enemy having collected against him with numappears to have been about B. c. 367 that he was bers so superior, that he found it necessary to burn
sent by the Athenians to aid ARIOBARZANES, with his ships on the Strymon, and to make his retreat
an injunction, however, not to abet him in any by land. He was more successful, however, in the
enterprise against the king, his master; and ac- war with Cotys, who was probably assisted by the
cordingly, when he found that he was in open Byzantians (B. C. 363?), and gathered from his
revolt from Artaxerxes, he refused to give him territory booty to the value of 1200 talents. (Dem.
any assistance. He did not, however, consider Olynt/c. ii. p. 22, iii. p. 36; Schol. Aug. ad loc.;
himself precluded fiom besieging Samos, which Dem. c. Arist. pp. 669, 670; Aesch. de Fals. Leg.
was occupied by a Persian garrison under Cypro- p. 32; Isocr. 7repl'Avery. ~ 119; Deinarch. c. Dem.
themis, and, if he had felt any scruples, the re- p. 91, c. Philocl. p. 110; Diod. xv. 81; Pseudoscript of the king, so favourable to Thebes at the Arist. Oec. 1. c.; Polyaen. iii. 10; Just. xvi. 4;
expense of Athens, must have removed them [PE- C. Nep. Tim. 1; Mitford's Greece, vol. v. p. 220;
LOPIDAS; LEON, No. 6]. The attack on the Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. pp. 189, 193, 206, 217,
island was successful, and at the end of eleven 218; Rehdantz, pp. 132, &c.) [CHARIDEMUS;
months Samos was restored to the Athenian al- CLEARCHUS.]
liance. Timotheus then sailed northward, and took At this period Timotheus would probably be at
the towns of Sestus and Crithote on the Hel- the height of his glory and popularity, not only
lespont, acquisitions which, according to Isocrates, among the Athenians, but with many of the other
first directed the attention of the Athenians to the Greeks, a popularity, however, not unmixed with
recovery of the whole Chersonesus. If we may envy, if we may believe the anecdote related by
believe Cornelius Nepos, he was placed in pos- Aelian, that painters were wont to represent hint
session of these two places by Ariobarzanes, as a as sleeping in his tent, while Fortune, standing
reward for his services to him; but it is not easy over his head, drew cities for him into a net. (Dem.
to reconcile this statement with the account of c. Lept. pp. 482, 483; Isocr. Ep. ad Myt. p. 426;
Demosthenes, as given above, of his refusal to help Paus. i. 3; Ael. V. H. xiii. 43; Plut. Reg. et Imp.
the rebel satrap. (Dem. pro Rhlod. Lib. pp. 192, Apoph. Timz. 1.) It seems most likely also that
193; Isocr. 7repI'AvLr8. ~~ 118, &c.; Corn. Nep. at this time, about B.c. 360, he increased his poTim. 1; Pseudo-Arist. Oec. ii. 23; Polyaenl. iii. litical influence by a reconciliation with Iphicrates,
10.) to whose son Menestheus he gave his daughter in
These successes, coupled probably with their marriage. [IPHICRATES; MENESTHEUS.] To
jealousy of Iphicrates as the son-in-law of Cotys, the suit instituted against him by Apollodorus, the
seem to have mainly induced the Athenians to son of Pasion, for sundry sums of money alleged
appoint Timotheus instead of him as commander to have been borrowed by him from the latter, it is
in Macedonia (B. C. 364), where the recovery of not possible to assign any exact date; but there is
Amphipolis was the great object of their wishes. no period at which it can be fixed more satisIn the interval between the recall of Iphicrates factorily than between B. c. 360 and 356. The
and the arrival of Timotheus, the Athenian forces oration, written for the plaintiff onl this occasion,
were commanded by Callisthenes, whose disad- and ascribed to Demosthenes, is still extant. (See
vantageous treaty with Perdiccas III. of Mace- Rehdantz, pp. 195, 196.) In B. c. 358, when the
donia contributed perhaps to hamper the new Thebans had sent a military force over to Euboea,
general, when he came'on the scene of action. Timotheus, by an energetic appeal and fervid eloTimotheus, on taking the command, endeavoured quence, incited the Athenians to raise an armament
to secure the services of the adventurer Charide- for the purpose of opposing them there, and saving