A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TIMOLEON. TIMOLEON. 1139
whom we know nothing further. (Pind. ANen. 22, unanimous voice of the people selected Timoleon
145, with Dissen's Note). [P. S.] as the person most competent to take the command
TIMOLA'US (Tiladlaos), historical. 1. A Co- in the proposed expedition. Such a proposal was,
rinthian, who was bribed by Timocrates, when the in itself, most acceptable to the bold and enterlatter was sent to Greece by Tithraustes to gain prising spirit of Timoleon; but there was another
over as many of the Greeks as he could, to take reason which had rendered Corinth an unwelcome
the side of the Persians against Agesilaus. We place of residence to him. His elder brother Tifind him soon after in a congress, held at Corinth, mophanes had commanded the Corinthian troops
of the states that were leagued against Sparta. A in a war against Argos with great success; and
speech of his on the occasion is reported by Xeno- subsequently when the state expected another
phon. (Xen. Hellen. iii. 5. ~ 1, iv. 2. ~ 11; Paus. iii. attack, he had the command of four hundred mer9. ~ 8.) cenaries entrusted to him. By their means, and
2. A Theban, who is denounced by Demosthenes supported by a powerful party in the state, he
(de Cor. p. 241, ed. Reiske) as a traitor to his resolved to obtain the supreme power in Corinth,
country, because he took the Macedonian side. and make himself tyrant of the city. His brother
Polybius (xvii. 14. ~ 4) defends him from the Timoleon, who was a warm lover of liberty, discharge. [C. P. M.] approved of his schemes, and endeavoured by arTIMOLA'IJS, the son of Odenathus and Ze- gument and persuasion to turn him from his purnobia, the brother of Ilerennianus. Trebellius pose, but when he found Timophanes inflexible,
Pollio gives him a place in the list of the thirty he resolved to kill his brother rather than allow
tyrants [AUREOLUS], but has preserved no parti- him to destroy the liberty of his state. The manculars with regard to his history, except that he ner of Timophanes' death is stated differently by
displayed extraordinary zeal in the study of Latin the ancient writers. Diodorus says that Timnoleon
literature. (Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyrann. xxvii.; slew him with his open hand openly in the forum.
comp. HERENNIANUS; ODENATHUS; ZENO- Plutarch relates that Timoleon introduced the asBIa.) [W. R.] sassins into his brother's house, but turned his
TIMOLA'US (TluxJaos), literary. 1. A native back while the deed was done; and Cornelius
of Cyzicus, who is mentioned as one of the disciples Nepos states that Timoleon was not even present
of Plato. at the murder, though it was perpetrated at his
2. A Greek writer, a native of Larissa, and a desire. (Diod. xvi. 65; Plut. Tim. 4; Corn. Nep.
disciple of Anaximenes of Lampsacus. He exercised Tim. 1; Aristot. Pol. v. 5. ~ 9.) Plutarch further
his ingenuity by producing an Iliad, in which each relates that Timophanes was murdered twenty
line of Homer was followed by one of his own; years before the Sicilian ambassadors arrived at
thus: - Corinth, during the whole of which time Timoleon
Minvz E&EL8E OMea fl-AX71k ec E'AXLXiO slived in solitude, a prey to sorrow and remorse;
v fs-rETO XpnOVU KCEXOoAC6uSVOS e'yEKa KOpS, but as Xenophon in his Greek history makes no
oohope'vs1v 1 ~FepsZ''AA~arorZ bAys' f7cKE mention of the affair, which he would hardly have,\apVaus'vols l-re Tpco Iv' tAep iOxC6OE &a7CTOS) omitted, if it occurred in B. c. 364, we may follow
rsAXaas O' 8T)0Eo-US ikVXEA'A JAL'6 7rPOdaaieY in preference the narrative of Diodorus, who re"Eiiopoa's s'sLPO'IAOr S'e X&5 7A3rnaAchrL, lates that Timoleon murdered his brother just
before the arrival of the Sicilian ambassadors, and
(Suidas, s.v; Eustath. Praef. in Od. p. 4.) Comp. that at the very moment of their arrival the CoPIGaREs. [C. P. M.] rinthians had not come to any decision respecting
TIMO'LEON (TipuoXE'wz'), the son of Timo- Timoleon's act, some denouncing it as a wilful
demus or Timaenetus and Demariste, belonged to murder which should be punished according to the
one of the noblest families at Corinth, and gained laws, others as a glorious deed of patriotism, for
at an early age among his fellow-citizens a reputa- which he ought to be rewarded. The historian
tion for ability and courage. Corinth had long adds that the Corinthian senate avoided the diffiexercised great influence over the Greek cities in culty of a decision by appointing him to the comSicily as the metropolis or mother-city of Syracuse. mand of the Sicilian expedition, with the singular
After the death of Dion, the most terrible dis- provision, that if he conducted himself justly in
orders had prevailed throughout Sicily, and several the command, they would regard him as a tyranmen of enterprize and energy had succeeded in nicide, and honour him accordingly; but if othermaking themselves tyrants or supreme rulers in wise, they would punish him as a fratricide.
various places. Dionysius had again recovered his In whatever manner, and to whatever causes
power in Syracuse. Hicetas had established him- Timoleon owed his appointment, his extraordinary
self as tyrant at Leontini, and Andromachus, success more than justified the confidence which
the father of the historian Timaeus, at Taurome- had been reposed in him. His history in Plutarch
nium. The friends of Dion had taken refuge reads almost like a romance; and yet of the main
either with Hicetas or Andrornachus, and the for- facts of the narrative, confirmed as they are by
mer was making war against Dionysius under the Diodorus and other authorities, we cannot entertain
pretext of restoring the exiles, but in reality in any reasonable doubt. Although the Corinthians
hopes of making himself master of Syracuse. had readily assented to the requests of the Sicilians
Meantime, thile Carthaginians prepared to take in the appointment of a commander, they were not
advantage of the distracted condition of Sicily; prepared to make many sacrifices in their favour;
and the fears of this invasion, as well as the hopes and accordingly it was only with ten triremes and
of restoring tlanquillity to the island, led many of seven hundred mercenaries that Timoleon sailed
the Sicilians, and among them the Syracusan exiles, from Corinth to repel the Carthaginians, and reto send an embassy to Corinth to implore assist- store order to the Sicilian cities. It was not withance (B. c. 344). The Corinthians immediately out difficulty that Timoleon could even reach Sicily.
resolved to comply with their request, and the Hicetas, the tyrant of Leontini, who had oster
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