A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAMIPHILUS. PAMPREPI US. E!j5
the mnltiplication of measures in proportions." a. c. (Galen, De Coimpos. Medicamn. sec. Jc. vi. 3,
(Lect. ix. p. 217, Westmacott' s edition.) vol. xii. p. 839; Ahtius, ii. 4. ~ 16. p. 375.) H-e
These being the principles of the school of Pam- wrote a work on plants (St. Epiphan. A dv. Haeres.
philns, we can easily understand the fact stated by i. illit.), in which they were arranged in alphaQuintilian (xii. 10) that he and his pupil Melan- betical order, and which Galen criticizes very
thius excelled all other painters in what he calls severely, saying that Pamphilus described plants
ratio, by which we must understand proportion in which he had evidently never seen, and that he
its widest sense, including composition (P!iny uses mixed up a quantity of absurd and superstitious
the word dispositio. See MELANTHIUS). matter. (De Simplic. Medicam. Temper. ac Facult.
Of his pictures Pliny only mentions four: a vi. praef., vii. 10. ~ 31, vol. xi. pp. 792, 793, 796,
Cognatio, by which we must probably understand 797, 798, xii. 31.) Several of his medical fora family group; a battle at Phlius; a victory of mulae are quoted by Galen. (De Compos. AIedicam.
the Athenians; and Ulysses on his raft. It is sec. Loc. vi. 3, vol. xii. p. 842, vii. 3, vol. xiii.
probable, though by no means certain, that we p. 68.) He is probably the same person as the
ought to add to the list a picture of the Hera- grammarian of Alexandria mentioned by Suidas.
cleidae as suppliants at Athens, on the authority of (See Lambec. Biblioth. Vindobon. vol. ii. p. 1 41, sq.
the following passage in the Plutus of Aristo- ed. Kollar.) [W. A. G.]
phanes (382, 385):- PAMPHOS (rId/Lq(ws), a mythical poet, who is'OpZ irv' ieB d ToA T6,8jaTos ica0E60e41,seso, placed by Pausanias later than Olen, and much
LtKlEs'iav xe!ov-a rc~a R Uv~?rh,earlier than Homer. His name is connected parKal T - yOUa K Es KOV CLLia LOvi-' aVTIKpV ticularly with Attica. Many of the ancient hymns,
Kcl''HpaISK0AECSv OiC' &oi( 5 TlV, fdaeiAovs. which were preserved by the Lycomidae, were
ascribed to him: among these are mentioned hymns
Some of the Scholiasts thought that the Pamphilus to Demeter, to Artemis, to Poseidon, to Zeus, to
here mentioned was a tragic poet, and Callistratus Eros, and to the Graces, besides a Linus-song.
and Euphronius are quoted as authorities for this (Paus. passim; Ulrici, Gesch. d. Hell. Dicl/tkintst.
statement: but, as a Scholiast remarks, there was vol. i.; Bode, Orpheus, and Gesch. d. Hell. Dichik.
no tragic poet of this name mentioned in the Di- vol. i.; Bernhardy, Grundriss d. Grieclh. Lilt. vol. i.
dascaliae. Most of them, however, understand p. 248; Preller, Demeter und Persephone). It
the allusion to be to a well-known picture of the should be observed that the name is often incorcelebrated Pamphilus; though one of them ascribes rectly written Pamphus (HIdpypos), even by good
the picture to Apollodorus, observing that Pam- scholars; but the above is the true form. [P. S.]
philus was younger than Aristophanes. Now, PA'MPHYLUS (IlduApvXos), a son of Aegibearing in mind that these allusions of the comic mius and brother of Dymas, was king of the Dopoets are generally to the novelties of the day, we rians at the foot of mount Pindus, and along with
may fairly conjecture that Pamphilus, then a the Heracleidae invaded Peloponnesus. (Apollod.
young artist, had just visited Athens for the first ii. 8. ~ 3; Paus. ii. 28. ~ 3; Pind. Pyth. i. 62.)
time, and had executed this picture of the Hera- After him, a tribe of the Sicyonians was called
cleidae for the Athenians. The date of the second Pamphyli. (Herod. v. 68.) [L. S.]
edition of the Plutus was B. C. 388. PAMPRE'PIUS (IhaLnrpe'7ros), an Egyptian,
Taking, then, this date as about the commence- eminent for his literary attainments and his political
ment of the career of Pamphilus, we must, on the influence, in the latter half of the fifth century.
other hand, place him as low as B. C. 352, when Our knowledge of him is derived from Suidas (s. a.
his disciple Apelles began to flourish. And these IIa/urper'los), who has embodied in his article three
dates agree with all the other indications of his or four distinct accounts of him, not, however, very
time. Thus, he is mentioned by Quintilian (I. c.) consistent with each other. One of these fragments
among the artists who flourished in the period is transcribed in the'Iwvod, Violetum, of the empress
commencing with the reign of Philip II.; Pliny Eudocia (apud Villoison, Anecdota Graeca, vol. i.
places him immediately before Echion and Theri- p. 357). Suidas has also preserved (s. v. ZaXAoumachus, who flourished in the 107th Olympiad, Toos c/XNoJopos) anl anecdote of Pamprepius, and
B. c. 352; and the battle of Phlius, which he some further notices are obtained from the abstracts
painted, must have been fought between O1. 102 of the Historia of Candidus and the Vita Isidori of
and 104, B. C. 372 and 364 (Miiller, Proleg. zu Damascius, preserved in the Bibliotheca of Photius
lMythol. p. 400). What victory of the Athenians (codd. 79, 242). Of the accounts preserved in
formed the subject of the other picture mentioned Suidas, one states that he was born at Panopolis,
by Pliny, is not known: it may be the naval another at Thebes in Egypt. The former is
victory of Chabrias, at Naxos, in B. c. 376. more probably correct. The third account states
Among the pupils of Pamphilus, besides Apelles generally that he was an Egyptian, of which there
and Melanthius, was Pausias, whom he instructed can be no doubt. The year of his birth is not
in encaustic painting. known. He was remarkable for the swarthiness of
2. A sculptor, who was the pupil of Praxiteles, his complexion and the ugliness of his features;
and who therefore flourished probably about 01. but the endowments of his mind were of superior
112, B. c. 332. Pliny mentions his Jupiter hos- nature. Having devoted himself to literature,
pitalis in the collection of Asinius Pollio. (H. N. especially poetry, in which he acquired considerable
xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~. 10.) reputation in his native country, he proceeded to
3. The engraver of a gem representing Achilles Greece, where he spent a long time, chiefly, perhaps
playing on the lyre (Bracci, Tab. 90; Stosch, wholly, at Athens. Here he was chosen to a proPierres Gravies, p. 157.) [P. S.] fessorship, and appears to have studied philosophy
PA'MPHILUS (rldarpios), a physician and at the same time, under the direction of Proclus.
grammarian at Rome, where he acquired a large The expression used in one of the accounts preserved
fortulle, probably in the second or first century by Suidas, that his residence in Greece was the