A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TIMAEUS. TIMAGENES. 1131
compositione verborum non impolitus, magnam elo- rol a-lov iv'i I Xdy,). It is evident, however, that
quentiam ad scribendum attulit, sed nullum usum the work, as it stands, has received several interpoforensem." (Comp. Cic. Brat. 95.) lations, especially in explanations of words occurring
In addition to the Sicilian history and the Olym- in Herodotus. Notwithstanding these interpolations
vionicae, Suidas assigns two other works to Ti- the work is one of great value, and the explanations
maeus, neither of which is mentioned by any other of words are some of the very best which have
writer, namely, An Account of Syria, its cities and come down to us from the ancient grammarians.
kings, in three books (srepl 2vpL'as Kcal TC(V abTr' It was printed for the first time, from a manuscript
7rAXecov Kal /aazXEwJv &3GALa y'), and a collection at Paris, edited by Ruhnken, Leyden, 1754, with
of rhetorical arguments in sixty-eight books a very valuable commentary, and again, with many
(HvAAXoyi PrqTopLKcv &popgc-v), which was more improvements, Leyden, 1789. There are also two
probably written, as Ruhnken has remarked, by more recent editions by Koch, Leipzig, 1828, and
Timaeus the sophist. 1833. The work on rhetorical arguments in
The fragments of Timaeus have been collected sixty-eight books (vuXXowyi 7-ropictKWy &Popuv)
by Goller, in his De Situ et Origine Syracusarumnz, which Suidas assigns to Timaeus of Tauromenium,
Lips. 1818, pp. 209-306, and by Car. and Theod. was more probably written by Timaeus, the author
Miiller, in the Frogmenta Historicorusm Graecoreun, of the Lexicon to Plato, as has been already
Paris, 1841, pp. 193-233, both of which works remarked. (Ruhnken's Preface to his edition of
also contain dissertations on the life and writings the Lexicon.)
of Timaeus. (Compare Vossius, De Hisloricis 7. The MATHEMATICIAN, is quoted by Pliny
Graecis, pp. 117-120, ed. Westermann; Clinton, (H. N. v. 9, xvi. 22, ii. 8). Suidas says that
Fast. Hell. vol. iii. pp. 489, 490.) Timaeus, the Locrian [No. 2] wrote MaOJuaTzCa'K,
2. Of LOCRI, in Italy, a Pythagorean philoso- but whether this was really the work of the Locrian
pher, is said to have been a teacher of Plato. (Cic. or not, cannot be determined. The fragment on
de Fin. v. 29, de Re Publ. i. 10.) There is an ex- the Pleiades, preserved by the Scholiast on the Iliad
tant work, bearing his name, written in the Doric (xviii. 486), and usually assigned to Timaeus of
dialect, and entitled 7repI 4vXas co'tov Kal (puios; Tauromenium, is supposed by Gller to belong to
but its genuineness is very doubtful, and it is in all the mathematician.
probability nothing more than an abridgment of TIMA'GENES (TqLayElss). Three persons of
Plato's dialogue of Timaeus. This work was first this name are mentioned by Suidas. 1. Timagenes,
printed in a Latin translation by Valla, along with the rhetorician (Pi-rewp), of Alexandria, the son of
several other works, Venice, 1488 and 1498. It the king's banker, was taken prisoner by Gabinius
was first printed in Greek at Paris, 1555, edited (B. c. 55), and brought to Rome, where he was
by Nogarola. It is also printed in many editions redeemed from captivity by Faustus, the son of
of Plato, and in Gale's Opuscula Mythologica, Phy- Sulla. He taught rhetoric at Rome in the time
sica et Ethica, Cambridge, 1671, and Amsterdam, of Pompey, and afterwards under Augustus, but
1688. The Greek text was published with a losing his school on account of his freedom of
French translation by the Marquis d'Argens, Ber- speech, he retired to an estate at Tusculum. I-e
lin, 1762. The last and best edition is by J. J. de died at Dabanum, a town of Osrihone in MesopoGelder, Leyden, 1836. (Comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. tamia. He wrote many books, the titles of which
vol. iii. p. 93, foell.) Suidas says (s. v.) that Ti- are not given by Suidas. 2. Timagenes, the hismaeus wrote the life of Pythagoras, but as no other torian, wrote a Periplus of the whole sea, in five
writer mentions such a work by the Locrian Ti- books. 3. Timagenes or Timogenes, of Miletus,
maeus, it is not improbable that this life of Py- an historian or an orator, wrote on the Pontic Hethagoras was simply a portion of the history of racleia and its distinguished men, in five books,
Timaeus of Tauromenium, who must have spoken and likewise epistles. Besides these three persons,
of the philosopher in that portion of his work we have mention of a fourth (4), Timagenes, the
which related to the early history of Italy. Syrian, who wrote on the history of the Gauls.
3 and 4. Of CROTONA and PAROS, Pythago- (Plut. de Fluv. c. 6.) Of these four writers it is
rean philosophers. (Iamblich. Vit. Pyth. cap. extr.; probable that the rhetorician, the historian who
Clem. Alex. Strom. p. 604; Theodoret. ii. Tlierap. wrote the Periplus, and the Syrian, are the same.
p. 36.) [Nos. 1, 2 and 4.] Of the historian we have
5. Of CyzIcvs, a disciple of Plato, endeavoured an account given us by the two Senecas, which
to seize the supreme power in the state (Athen. differs from what Suidas says respecting the gramxi. p. 509, a.). Diogenes Lairtius (iii. 46) men- marian, but does not really contradict the statement
tions Timolaus of Cyzicus and not Timaeus among of the lexicographer. It is related by the Senecas
the disciples of Plato; and hence it has been con- that Timagenes after his captivity first followed the
jectured that there is a corruption in the name, trade of a cook, and afterwards of a litter or sedan
either in Athenaeus or Diogenes. bearer (lecticarius), but rose from these humble
6. The SOPHIST, wrote a Lexicon to Plato, ad- occupations to be the intimate acquaintance of
dressed to a certain Gentianus, which is still extant. Augustus. He afterwards offended the emperor
The time at which this Timaeus lived is quite by some caustic remarks on his wife and family,
uncertain. Ruhnken places him in the third cen- and was in consequence forbidden the imperial
tury of the Christian aera, which produced so many palace. Timagenes in revenge burnt his historical
ardent admirers of the Platonic philosophy, such as works, in one of which he gave an account of the
Porphyry, Longinus, Plotinus, &c. The Lexicon deeds of Augustus, and which he had probably
is very brief, and bears the title TzaiLov 0oc04parov written at the request of the emperor. Augustus,
eK TCV T5oP nIda'Trvoos AEdeEWY, from which it might however, did not punish him any further, but
have been inferred that it is an extract from a allowed him to retain the protection of the powerihi
larger work, had not Photius (Cod. 151), who had friends he had formerly enjoyed. He found an
read it, described it as a very short work (BpaXb asylum in the house of Asinius Pollio. (M. Senec.