A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TIGRANES. TIMAEUS. 1129
afforded protection to the Athenian rhetorician ter, and is represented as bearing an important
Amphicrates, and ha-d assembled a company of part in the overthrow of the Median kingdom,
Greek players to celebrate the opening of a theatre and the defeat of Astyages. He appears to have
in his new capital of Tigranocerta. (Plut. Lucull. become a sort of national hero, and his exploits are
21, 22, 29; Appian, Mitlr. 104.) recounted at length by Moses of Chorene (Hist.
The coins of Tigranes, which were probably Armen. i. 23-29), but they are in all probability
struck in Syria and bear Greek inscriptions, repre- fabulous.
sent him with a tiara in the Oriental fashion, in- 2. A Persian of the royal race of the Achaestead of the simple diadem of the Seleucidae. menidae, who commanded the Median troops in
the army of Xerxes, with which he invaded
Greece, B. c. 480. After the defeat of the Persian
king, Tigranes was appointed to command the
army of 60,000 men, which was destined to maintain possession of Ionia. (Herod. vii. 62, ix. 96.)
Q9V. A_/ 3. One of the sons of Tigranes I., king of Armenia, He had at first enjoyed a high place in
f his father's favour, so that the latter had even
Sl 2 + i M B < D bestowed on him the titles and ensigns of royalty.
TOO0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < II ~ _ \At a later period, however, he was gained over by
the party disaffected to the old king, and joined in
their intrigues; but the plot being discovered, he
sought safety in flight, and took refuge with
COIN OF TIGRANES. Phraates king of Parthia. That monarch readily
embraced the opportunity, gave him his daughter
TIGRANES II., king of Armenia, was a son of in marriage, and invaded Armenia with a large
ARTAVASDES I., and grandson of the preceding. army in order to place him on the throne. But
He was living an exile at Rome, when a party of the Parthian king was unable to reduce Artaxata,
his countrymen, discontented with the rule of his the capital of Armenia, and after some time reelder brother, Artaxias, sent to request that he turned into his own dominions, leaving a part only
should be placed on the throne. To this Augustus of his forces under Tigranes, who was quickly deassented, and Tiberius was charged with the duty feated by the superior arms of his father. He
of accomplishing it, a task which he effected ap- now however sought a refuge in the camp of Pomparently without opposition, Artaxias being put to pey, who was at this time (B. c. 66) in full addeath by some of the Armenians themselves. Ti- vance upon Artaxata, and who welcomed the
berius placed the crown on the head of Tigranes young prince with open arms. But when the elder
with his own hand (B. c. 20), and then withdrew Tigranes came in person to humble himself before
from Armenia (Tac. Ann. ii. 3; Dion Cass. liv. 9; the conqueror, Pompey was easily moved to cleSuet. Tib. 9; Mon. Ancyr. pp. 35,107, ed. Franz.; mency, and instead of placing the son upon his
Joseph. Ant. xv. 4. ~ 3). No particulars are known father's throne, left the latter in possession of the
of his reign, which was of short duration. (Tac. greater part of his dominions, while he erected the
I. c.; Orell. ad loc.) provinces of Sophene and Gordyene into a subTIGRANES III., king of Armenia, appears to ordinate kingdom for the younger Tigranes. The
have been a son of the preceding, and to have suc- prince had the imprudence to display openly his
ceeded him on the throne for a short time: but dissatisfaction with this arrangement; and not only
the accounts transmitted to us of the revolutions of absented himself from the festival which Pomthe Armenian monarchy at this period are very pey gave on the occasion, but soon after openly
confused and unsatisfactory. (See Visconti, Icono- disobeyed the orders of the Roman general in,gaphie Grecque, iii. p. 30; and Orell. ad Tac. regard to the disposal of his treasures. Hereupon
Ann. ii. 3.) According to a fragment of Dion Pompey caused him to be immediately arrested and
Cassius, quoted by Visconti (I. c.) he perished in detained as a prisoner. A few years later we find
a war against the neighbouring barbarians. him among the captive princes who adorned the
TIGRANES IV. Another king of this name who triumph of the Roman conqueror, B. C. 61. (Apwas placed on the throne by Augustus, after the pian, Mithr. 104, 105, 117; Dion Cass. xxxiii.
death of Artavasdes, would seem to have been 33-36; Plut. Pomp. 33, 45.) [E. H. B.]
distinct from the preceding, as Augustus himself TI'LLIUS CIMBER. [CIMBER.]
only terms him " a certain Tigranes who belonged TILPHU'SA (TtAcpoiaa). 1. The nymph of
to the royal family." (Mon. Ancyr. p. 107.) He the well Tilphusa in Boeotia, which was sacred to
is not mentioned by any other historian. Apollo. (Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. 247; Strab. ix.
For the later kings of Armenia of this name, p. 410, &c.; Apollod. iii. 7. ~ 3.)
see ARSACIDAE. [E. H. B.] 2. A surname of the Erinnys by whom Ares
TIGRA'NES (Tspad'Ys). 1. A son of the Ar- became the father of the dragon which was slain by
menian king who was conquered by Cyrus the Cadmus. (Miiller, Orchom. p. 142, 2d ed.) [L. S.]
Elder. According to Xenophon he had been a TIMAEA (TiLzafa), wife of Agis II., king of
schoolfellow of Cyrus, and by his intercession with Sparta. [AGIS II.]
that monarch, procured the pardon of his father, TIMAE'NETUS (TqlalveEros), a painter, whose
whose fidelity he thenceforth guaranteed. His picture of a wrestler, in the chamber on the left
name is afterwards repeatedly mentioned in the of the propylaea of the Acropolis at Athens, is
Cyropaedeia among the friends and attendants of mentioned by Pausanias (i. 22. ~. 7). [P. S.].
the Persian king (Xen. Cyrop. iii. 1, 2, v. 1, 3, TIMAEUS (Ttuatos). 1. Of TAUROMENIUMI
viii. 3. ~ 25, 4. ~ 1.) In the Armenian historians in Sicily, the celebrated historian, was the son of
Tigranes assumes a much more conspicuous charac- Andromachus, who collected the Naxian exiles,