A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

THRASYDAEUS. THRASYLLUS. 1 09
conldemned and thrown into prison. (Xen. Itellen. ened, but the mistake was soon discovered, anld
v. 1. ~ 26; Demosth. adv. Timocr. p. 742.) Thrasydaeus, who, at the beginning of the out6. An Elean, the son of Aeneas. He was a break, was sunk in sleep from the influence of
soothsayer, in which capacity he foretold to the wine, put himself at the head of the people, and
Mantineans their victory over Agis and the Lace- completely conquered the oligarchs. Agis, howdaemonians, and himself took part in the battle. ever, when he retired from Elis, left a Lacedaemo.
(Paus. vi. 2. ~ 4, viii. 10. ~ 5; comp. vi. 13. ~ 11, nian garrison in Epitalium, and the Eleans were so
vi. 14. ~ 9.) harassed by the ravages it committed, that Thrasy7. Brother of Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. On daeus, in the following year (B. c. 399), was comthie death of Hieron, Thrasybulus succeeded pelled to sue to Sparta for peace, and to purchase
him in the government. It does not appear dis- it by absolute submission. (Xen. Hell. iii. 2. ~~
tinctly whether he assumed the tyranny because 27-30; Paus. iii. 8.) We may perhaps identify
the son of Gelon was not yet old enough, or, with the subject of the present article the Thrasyas the language of Aristotle (Polit. v. 8) indi- laeus of Elis, who is mentioned as having been percates, though called tyrant, and possessing the suaded by his friend Lysias, the orator, to supply
substance of power, was in fact little more than two talents to the Athenian patriots under Thrathe minister or favourite of his nephew, whom sybulus, in aid of their enterprise against the
he is said to have corrupted, that he might after- Thirty Tyrants, B. c. 403 (Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X.
wards supplant him. Aristotle's version of the Orat. Lys.)
matter also represents the resistance offered by the 2. Of Elis, an eunuch, who, instigated by a
friends of the rightful heir, as leading to the over- private injury, murdered Evagoras, king of Salamis
throw of the dynasty. It is possible enough, as in Cyprus, in B. c. 374. (Theopomp. ap. Phsot.
Dr. Thirlwall suggests (Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 120, a, b; comp. Arist. Pol. v. 10, ed. Bekk.;
p. 224), that Thrasybulus became the guardian of Diod. xv. 47; Wess. ad loc.) [EVAGORAs, No.
his nephew on the death of Polyzelus, and before 1.] [E. E.]
the death of Hieron; and that, having rendered the THRASYDAEUS (~paovsaos), tyrant of
youth odious and contemptible, he found no diffi- Agrigentum,;Was the son and successor of Theron.
culty, when Hieron died, in setting him aside, and Already during his father's lifetime he had been
usurping his authority. This supposition, however, appointed to the government of Himera, where, by
still leaves unexplained Aristotle's statement about his violent and arbitrary conduct, he alienated the
the expulsion of the dynasty, which is one of the minds of the citizens, so that they were on the
most important features of his account. Little, point of breaking out into revolt. But having aptherefore, is gained by any endeavour to reconcile plied for support to Hieron of Syracuse, that ruler
the two versions. According to the more detailed betrayed their application to Theron, who, in connarration of Diodorus (xi. 67), Thrasybulus di- sequence, put to death the leaders of the disaffected
rectly succeeded Hieron, and soon provoked a revolt party, and effectually re-established his authority.
by his rapacity and cruelty. With the aid of (Diod. xi. 48.) Whether Thrasydaeus retained
foreign mercenaries, and some troops from Aetna his position at Himera after this, we know not:
and Catana, amounting altogether to 1 5,000 men, but on the death of Theron he succeeded without
he maintained his ground for some time in Acra- opposition in the sovereignty of both cities. His
dina and the Island. The Syracusans entrenched tyrannical and violent character soon displayed
themselves in the quarter called Tyche, and sent itself, and rendered him as unpopular at Agrigentum
for assistance to Gela, Agrigentum, Selinus, Hi- as he had been at Himera. But his first object
mera, and the inland cities of Sicily. They readily was to renew the war with Hieron, against whom
lent their aid, and Thrasybulus was decisively he had already taken an active part during his
defeated both by sea and by land. He thereupon father's lifetime. (Schol. ad Pind. 01. ii. 29.) He
entered into a negotiation with his revolted sub- therefore assembled a large force of mercenaries,
jects, and was allowed to abdicate his authority besides a general levy from Agrigentum and Hiannd retire into exile. He withdrew to Locri, in mera, and advanced against Hieron, but was deItaly, and there ended his days. His dynasty feated after an obstinate and sanguinary struggle;
ended with him. and the Agrigentines immediately took advantage
8. Son of Xenocrates, and nephew of Theron of this disaster to expel him from their city. He
tyrant of Agrigentum. He is mentioned on more made his escape to Greece, but was arrested at
than one occasion by Pindar. (Pyth. vi., Isthm. ii., Megara, and publicly executed. (Diod. xi. 53.)
Fracgm. 89. 1.) [C. P. M.] Diodorus assigns the whole of these events to the
THRASYBU'LUS (~pauCouxos), a friend year B. c. 472, in which Theron died, but there
and contemporary of Galen, in the latter half of are some difficulties in this chronology. (See
the second century after Christ. Galen addressed BMckh, ad PFind. vol. iii. p. 209; and Brunet de
two of his works to him, viz.- De Optima Secta Presle, Recherches sur les Etablissemens Grecs en
(vol. i. p. 106) and Utrum Medicinae sit an Gym- Sicile, p. 145, note.) [E. H. B.]
nastices Hygieine (vol. v. p. 806); but it does not THRASYLLA ENNIA. [ENNIA.].
seem certain that he was a physician. [W. A. G.] THRASYLLUS or THRASYLUS (~pda'vATHRASYDAEUS (Opavruaos). 1. A citi- Aos, epacravos). 1. An Argive, was one of the
zen of Elis, and leader of the democratic party five generals of the commonwealth when Argolis
there. When the Spartans under Agis invaded was invaded by the Lacedaemonians under Agis
the Elean territory, in B. C. 400, the oligarchs of II., in B. C. 418. Agis succeeded in placing a
Elis, led by Xenias, made an attempt to over- division of his army between the Argive forces and
power their political adversaries, and killed, among Argos, thus cutting them off from their city, while
others, a nlan, whom, from the likeness between their flank and rear were threatened by his two
the two, they mistook for Thrasydaeus. The other divisions. Thrasyllus perceived the danger
democratic party were hereupon much disheart- of this position, and, together with Alciphron (one
4u 3