A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1096 THERAMENES. THERICLES.
xiii. 98, 101; Thirlwall's Gre(ce, vol. iv. p. 138.) therefore accused by Critias before the council as a
From this time certainly up to the establishment of traitor, and an enemy of the oligarchy, and when
the thirty tyrants, we find him the unscrupulous his nominal judges, favourably impressed by his
confederate of the oligarchs, and from Lysias (c. able defence, exhibited an evident disposition to
Agor. p. 130), we learn that the people on one oc- acquit him, Critias introduced into the chamber a
casion rejected him from the office of general on number of men armed with daggers, and declared
the ground of his being no friend to the democratic that, as all who were not included in the privileged
government. This would probably be early in B. c. Three Thousand might be put to death by the sole
405, when three new commanders were appointed authority of the Thirty, he struck the name of
(Xen. Hell. ii. 1. ~ 16) as colleagues to Conon, Theramenes out of that list, and condemned him
Adeimantus, and Philocles. But during the siege of with the consent of all his colleagues. Theramenes
Athens by Lysander in the same year, and after then rushed to the altar, which stood'in the councilthe failure of the Athenian embassy, which had chamber, but was dragged from it and carried off
proposed to capitulate on condition of keeping their to execution. When he had drunk the hemlock,
walls and the Peiraeeus, Theramenes offered to he dashed out the last drops from the cup as if he
go himself to Lysander and learn the real in- were playing the game of the K rraGoe, exclaimtentions of the Lacedaemonians, promising at the ing, " This to the health of the lovely Critias! "
same time to obtain peace without the necessity of Diodorus tells us that Theramenes was a disciple
giving hostages, or demolishing the fortifications, of Socrates, and that the latter strove to prevent
or surrendering the ships;while he held out vague the eleven from dragging him away to death,
and mysterious hopes besides of some further which seems to be merely a different version of the
favour to be obtained from the enemy by his story in the Pseudo-Plutarch ( Vit. X. Or. Isocr. ad
means. His offer, after some considerable oppo- init.), that Isocrates, who was a pupil of Thera.
sition, was accepted, and he set forth on his mis- menes in rhetoric, was the only person who stood
sion, determined not to return till his countrymen up to help him in his extremity, and desisted only
should be so weakened by famine as to be ready on Theramenes saying that it would increase his
to assent to any terms that might be imposed on distress, should any of his friends involve themthem. After an absence accordingly of three selves in his calamity. Both Xenophon and Cicero
months in the Lacedaemonian camp, he again pre- express their admiration of the equanimity which
sented himself in Athens, and declared that Ly- he displayed in his last hour; but surely such a
sander, having detained him so long, had at length feeling is sadly out of place when directed to such
desired him to go to Sparta with his proposals, as a man. (Xen. Hell. ii. 3; Diod. xiv. 4, 5; Cic.
he himself had no authority to settle any thing. Tusc. Quaest. i. 40; Arist. Ran. 541, 965 —968;
To Sparta therefore the traitor was sent, with nine Suid. s. v. ~rlpayers; Val. Max. iii. 2. Ext. 6;
colleagues, and the terms which they brought back Hinrichs, de Theramn. Crit. et Thrasyb. rebus et inwith them, and which the Athenians had now yenio.) [E. E.]
no alternative but to accept, were such as to lay THERAPNE (~epas7rvq), a daughter of Lelex
their country prostrate at the feet of Lacedae- and Peridia, from which the town of Therapne in
mon (Xen. Hell. ii. 2. ~~ 16, &c.; Lys. c. Erat. Laconia derived its name. (Paus. iii. 19. ~ 9
p. 126, c. Agor. pp. 130, 131; Plut. Lys. 14). In Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 615.) [L. S.]
the following year, B. C. 404, Theramenes took the THERAS (~7Opag), a son of Autesion, grandforemost part in obtaining the decree of the as- son of Tisamenus, who led Lacedaemonians and
sembly for the destruction of the old constitution Minyans of Lemnos (i. e. descendants of the Argoand the establishment of the Thirty, in the num- nants by Lemnian women) from Sparta to the
ber of whom he was himself included. The island of Thera, which had before been called
measure indeed was not carried without opposition, Callisto, but was now named after him Thera.
but this was overborne by the threats of Lysander, (Herod. iv. 147; Paus. iii. 1. ~ 6, iv. 3. ~ 3, vii. 2.
whose presence Theramenes had taken care to ~ 2; Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1764; Schol. ad Pind.
secure. The whole transaction is grossly mis- Pyth. iv. 88.) [L. S.]
represented by Diodorus, who, choosing to be the TIE'RICLES (O~rlpLcXis) was, according to
panegyrist of Theramenes, informs us that he pro- Athenaeus (xi. pp. 470-472), Lucian (Lexiph. 7),
tested against the innovation in the government, Pliny (H. N. xvi. 40. s. 76), and the lexicographers
but was obliged to give way to the menaces of (Etym. MiVg., Suid., s. v. OnpiKcAEov), a Corinthian
Lysander, and that the people then elected him potter, whose works obtained such celebrity that
one of the Thirty, in the hope that he would they became known throughout Greece by the
check the violence of his colleagues (Xen. Hell. ii. name of ~OpiKAeia (sc. 7ror'ipLa) or KvAalces ~07pt3. ~~ 1, 2; Lys. c. Erat. pp. 126, 127, c. Agor. KhAelat (or -al), and these names were applied not
p. 131; Plut. Lys. 15; Diod. xiv. 3, 4). As a only to cups of earthenware, but also to those of
matter of fact, indeed, he did endeavour to do so; wood, glass, gold, and silver. Athenaeus quotes
for, if not virtuous enough to abhor the reign of numerous passages from the Athenian comic poets,
terror which they introduced, he had sufficient in which these " Thericleian works" are mensagacity to perceive that their volence would be tioned; and these, with the other testimonies on
fatal to the permanence of their power. His re- the subject, have been most elaborately discussed
monstrances, however, and his opposition to their by Bentley, in his DI)ssertations on Phaslaris, and
tyrannical proceedings had no effect in restraining by Welcker, in the Rlcinisches Mluseum for 1839,
them, but only induced the desire to rid themselves vol. vi. pp. 404, fell. These two great scholars,
of so troublesome an associate, whose former con- however, come to widely different results, the
duct moreover had shown that no political party former fixing the date of Thericles at the time of
could depend on him, and who had earned, by his Aristophanes; the latter denying the existence of
trimming, the nickname of KdOopvos,-a boot Thericles altogether, and contending that the name
which might be worn on either foot. He was of these vases is a descriptive one, derived fiom