A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PALLAS. PAMM3IENES. 101
52, Claudius proposed a law in the senate respect- he committed such atrocities that he was accused
ilg the punishment of women who had intercourse by the Jews, and was saved only from condign
with slaves, and mentioned the lname of Pallas punishment by the influence of Pallas. [FELIX,
as the author of the law, in order that the se- ANTONIUS.] (Tac. Ann. xi. 29-38, xii. 2, 25,
nate might confer some mark of favour upon him. 53, 65, xiii. 14, 23, xiv. 2, 65; Dion Cass. lxi. 1,
This was done at the insigotition of Agrippina, lxii. ]4; Suet. Clud. 28, Viell. 2 Joseph. An/t.
and the servile body forthwitih conferreA upon xx. 8. ~ 9.)
Pallas the insignia of a praetor, and voted him a PALLAS (MIa'Xas)e, the author of a work on
sum of fifteen millions of sesterces. They even the mysteries of the god Mithras (Porphyr. de
went so far, on the proposition of Cornelius Scipio, Abstin. ii. 56, iv. 16).
as to return thanks to Pallas, because he was will- PALLE'NE (HIaAXr8vl). 1. A daughter of
ing to be numbered among the servants of the Sithon, from whom the town of Pallene in the
emperor, although descended from the kings of peninsula of the same name was said to have deArcadia! But as Claudius said that Pallas, con- rived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v.)
tented with the honours, would continue in his 2. A daughter of the giant Alcyoneus, and one
former state of poverty, they passed a decree, of the Alcyonides. (Eustath. ad Home. p. 776;
praising for his frugality a freedman who possessed Suidas, s. v.'AXMKvovles.) [L. S.]
a fortune of 300 millions of sesterces. This decree PALLE'NIS (aXArnv'is), a surname of Athena,
of the senate was engraved on a brazen tablet, and under which she had a temple between Athens and
placed near the statue of Julius Caesar, in one of Marathon. (Herod. i. 62.) [L. S.]
the most frequented parts of the city, where it was PALLOR, i. e. paleness or pale fear, or a perseen in the time of the younger Pliny, who speaks sonification of it, was together with Pavor, i. e.
of it in terms of the greatest indignation. (Tac. Fear, a companion of Mars among the Romans.
Ann. xii. 53; Plin. Ep. vii. 29, viii. 6; comp. Their worship is said to have been vowed and inPlin. H. N. xxxv. 18. s. 58.) stituted by the warlike king Tullus Hostilius,
As long as Claudius lived, Agrippina could not either on account of a plague, or at the moment
be certain of the succession of her son, and accord- when in battle he saw the Alban Mettus desert
ingly poisoned her husband, doubtless with the to the enemies. The Salii, Pallorii, and Pavorii
connivance and assistance of Pallas, in A. D. 54. were instituted at the same time. (Liv. i. 27;
Narcissus, who had remained true to the interests August. De Civ. Dei, iv. 23.) [L. S.]
of Claudius and his son Britannicus, was also de- PALMA, A. CORNE'LIUS, was consul in A. n.
spatched immediately after the death of the em- 99, and a second time ii 109. Between his first
peror, and thus no one any longer stood in the way and second consulships, he was governor of Syria,
of Pallas. Agrippina had hoped to govern the and conquered the part of Arabia in theneighbourRoman world in the name of her son, and Pallas hood of Petra, about A.D. 105 (Dion Cass. lxviii. 14).,
expected to share in her power. But both were Palma had always been one of Hadrian's ellemlies,
soon doomed to a cruel disappointment. Nero and was therefore put to death by that emperor
speedily became tired of his mother's control, and upon his accession to the throne in 117. (Dion
as one step towards emancipating himself from her Cass. lxix. 2; Spart. Hladr. 4.)
authority, deprived her favourite Pallas of all his PA'MMENES (raiUa/um'1s). 1. An Athenian,
public offices, and dismissed him from the palace the son of Pammenes. He exercised the trade of
as early as the year 56. In the same year Pallas a goldsmith, and was employed by Demosthenes
wasi accused, together with Burrus, by one Paetus, to make for him a crown of gold, and a garment
of a conspiracy to raise Cornelius Sulla to the interwoven with gold, to wear at the Dionysia.
throne, but being defended by Seneca, according When they were ready, Meidias entered by night
to Dion Cassius (lxi. 10), he was acquitted. From into the workshop of Pammenes, and endeavoured
this time he was suffered to live unmolested for to destroy the crown and garments, in which he
some years, till at length his immense wealth ex- was partially successful, but was interrupted by
cited the rapacity of Nero, who had him removed the appearance of Pammenes. (Dem. c. MReid.
by poison, in A. D. 63. His enormous wealth, p. 521.)
which was acquired during the reign of Claudius, 2. A Theban general of considerable celebrity.
had become proverbial, as we see from the line in I-Ie was connected with Epaminondas by political
Juvenal (i. 107), ego possideo plus Pallante et Li- and friendly ties. When Philip, the future king
cinzio; and when the poverty of the imperial trea- of Macedonia, was sent as hostage to Thebes, he
sury was complained of on one occasion in the was placed under the care of Pammenes. (Plut.
reign of Claudius, it was said that the emperor Pelop. c. 26.) In a. c. 371, when Megalopolis
would possess an abundance, if lie were taken into was founded, as it was apprehended that the Sparpartnership by his two freedmen, Narcissus and tans would attack those engaged in that work,
Pallas. (Suet. Claud. 28; comp. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. Epaminondas sent Pammenes at the head of 1000
10. s. 47.) The arrogance and pride of Pallas are picked troops to defend them. (Pans. viii. 27.
specially mentioned both by Tacitus and Dion ~ 2.) In B. C. 352, a party amongst the MegaloCassius, and it is related of him that he never gave politans were for dissolving the community, and
any orders, even to his freedmen, by word of mouth; returning to their own cantons, and called upon
and that if a nod or a sign with his hand did not the Mantineans and other Peloponnesians, for aid.
suffice, he signified in writing what he wished to The Megalopolitans who opposed this dissolution
be done. In this he seems to have adopted the of the state called in the aid of the Thebans, who
imperial practice, which was first introduced by sent Pammenes with 3000 foot soldiers and 300
Augustus. (Comp. Suet. Aug. 84; Lipsius, ad cavalry to their assistance. With this force PainTac. Ann. iv. 39.) The brother of Pallas was menes overcame all resistance, and compelled those
Antonius or Claudius Felix, who was appointed who had left Megalopolis to return. (Diod. xv.
by Claudius to the government of Judaea, where 94, where by a mistake the Athenians, aI.d not
i 3