A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

THEOPHYLACTUS. THEOPHIYLACTUS. 1091
generally, the other of pleasure, as Aristotle had There is no complete edition of Theophylact's
defined it (Diog. Lanrt. v. 44, 7repl 8ovijs &'s'Apre- works. The edition of A. Schottus, with a Latin
roroeA7xs); and although, like his teacher, he pre- Version by Kimedoncius, Antverp. 1598, 1599,
ferred contemplative (theoretic), to active (practical) 8vo., comprising all his then known works, does'
life (Cic. ad Att. ii. 16), he was at the same time not contain the History, but only the Epitome of
disposed to set the latter free from the fetters of it by Photius. The account of embassies in this
family life, &c. in a manner of which the former edition is no distinct work, but a collection of
would not have approved (Hieron. adv. Jovinian. i, extracts from the History. The History was first
189, Bened.) Respecting Theophrastus's treatment published, from a MS. in the library of Maximilian
of botany in his two chief works, see J. G. Schneider, of Bavaria, with a Latin version, by Jac. Pontanus,
" de Auctoritate, Integritate, Argumento, Ordine, Ingolst. 1604, 4to.; revised, and with a Glossary
Methodo et Pretio Librorum, de Historia et Causis of the low Greek words, by C. Annib. Fabrotti,
Plantarum" (T/heophr.Opp. v. p.227-264.) Comp. Paris, 1648, fol.; reprinted in the Venice collection
R. Sprengel, Geschliclte der Botzaik, vol. i. p. 52, of Byzantine historians, 1729, fol.: it has also been
&c. [CH. A. B.] edited by Imm. Bekker, in the Cospus Script. Hist.
THEOPHYLACTUS (~eoPvXadcToe). 1. SI- Byzant. Bonn, 1834, 8vo. The Letters were pubMOCATTA (6 _zOiKa'-rr-11,.ixtO'KarTTro, qtOKaidTflS, lished in the Epistolae Graecae of Aldus, 1499, 4to.
or tSFo1cdros, for all these forms of the name are and of Cujacius, 1606, fol., and, in Latin only, by
found), was an Egyptian by descent, but a Locrian Haller, Cracov. 1509, 4to. The Quaestiones Phyby birth; and flourished at Constantinople, where sicae were published, with the similar work of
he held some public offices (&irb ErapXwv Kal &orL- Cassius Iatrosophista, by Rivinus, Lips. 1653, 4to.
ypacpeds, Phot.) under Heraclius, about A. D. 610 The Letters and Physical Questions were published
-629, though it is evident that he was writing together, Lugd. Bat. 1596, 12mo., with the works
before this period, probably in retirement. His of lassius Iatrosophista; again, with the Quaestiones
chief work was a history of the reign of the erm- of Cassius, and the Letters of Julian, Gallus, Basil,
perdr Maurice, in eight books, fiom the death of and Gregory of Nazianzus, by Bonaventura VulTiberius II. and the accession of Maurice, in A. D. canius, Lugd. Bat. 1597, 12mo.; and, lastly, with
582, down to the murder of Maurice and his the Latin version of Kimedoncius, and critical notes,
children byPhocas in A. D. 602. There are various by Boissonade, Paris, 1835, 8vo. There is a
indications in the work itself, that Theophylact French translation of the Quaestiones Pinysicae, by
was living and writing in retirement during the F. Morel, Paris, 1603, 121io. (Cave, Hist. Litt.
reign of Phocas, and it seems probable that he had s. a. 611, p. 575; Hankius, de Byzant. Rer. Scriptor.
been personally acquainted with Maurice. Thus, pt. i. pp. 186 —194; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp.
he contrasts the depressed state of literature under 329, 330, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
Phocas with the favour it enjoyed under Heraclius, vol. vii. pp..582-5836; Schrickh, Christliche
in a Dialogue between Philosophy and History, Kirclhengeschlichte, vol. xix. pp. 92-94; Hoffmann,
which is prefixed to his work. After the death of Lex. Bibliogr. Script. Graec.)
Phocas in A. D. 610, he read in public from an 2. ARCHBISHOP OF BULGARIA, flourished about
elevated position the passage of his history de- A.D. 1070 and onwards, and is celebrated for his comscribing the death of Maurice, and the people were mentaries on the Scriptures, and some other works.
moved to tears by the recital. This statement, There are scarcely any particulars of his life worth
which we have on the authority of Theophylact recording. He appears to have been a native of
himself (viii. 12) proves that his work was partly Constantinople, and a deacon in the principal
written during the reign of Phocas; while on the church there, and to have been appointed to the
other hand, he mentions in the same chapter the archbishopric of Bulgaria, the chief city of which
conclusion of the Persian war, by the death of was Acris, between A. D. 1070 and 1077. IIere
Chosroes II. in A. D. 628, so that the work could he suffered much from the uncivilised state of the
not have been completed till that year or the next, people of his province, and tried in vain to lay
in which Theophylact appears to have died. The down his office. He appears to have lived down
history of Theophylact, which is known by the to A. D. 1112, or later.
Latin title of Historiae lklauricii Tiberii Inzperatoris His Commentaries upon the Gospels, the Acts,
Libri VIII., seems to be the same work which is the Epistles of Paul, and the Minor Prophets, are
quoted by Eustathius (ad Dionys. Perieg. 730) by founded on the commentaries of Chrysostom, and
the title of mers'opLa oepovuewv, which seems to refer are of considerable value. He also wrote a treatise
to the fact, that it was not confined to the affairs on royal education (IlaiLeia BaorrinK, Institutio
of Constantinople, but contained notices of events Regia) for the use of the prince Constantinus
occurring in all parts of the known world. Besides Porphyrogennetus,the son of Michael VII.; seventythe work itself, xwe have an epitome of it by five Letters; some Homilies and Orations, and a
Photius (Bibl. Cod. 65), who relates some par- few other small treatises. A splendid edition of all
ticulars respecting the author, and characterises his his works in Greek and Latin was published by
style very minutely, as being not destitute of grace, J. F. Bernard Maria de Rubeis, Venet. 1754but often frigid and puerile through the frequent 1763, 4 vols. folio, with a Preliminary Dissertation,
occurrence of figures and allegorical turns of ex- containing all that is known of the life and writings
pression, and tiresome from the interruptions of of Theophylact, with an elaborate analysis of his
moral reflections inserted out of season. The other works and his opinions. (See also Cave, Hist. Litt.
works of Theophylact are (2) Eighty-five Letters, s. a. 1077, p. 153; Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. vii.
consisting of the three classes of Morales, twenty- pp. 586-598; Schrickh, Christ. Kirchengeschiclte,
nine in number, Rusticae, twenty-eight, and Amra- vol. xxviii. pp. 313, foill.; for an account of several
toriae, twenty-eight; and (3) Problems in Physics editions of portions of his works, see Hoffmanlln,
('A7ropiae ivoKar i, o,Quaestiones I'hysicac), respecting Lexicon Bibliogr. Script. Graec.)
the nature of animals, and especially of man1111. A few other unimportant persons of the name
4s 2