A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

THEOPHILUS. THEOPHRASTUS. 1087
has been supposed that some of the words which he lished without the name of Theophilus, under the
uses belong to a later period than the seventh cen- title of " Iatrosophistae De Urinis Liber Singularis,"
tury; so that'he may possibly be the same person Paris, 1608, 12mo., with a new Latin translation by
who is addressed by the title " Protospatharius " Fed. Morell; which edition Was inserted entire by
by Photius (Epist. 123, 193, pp. 164, 292, ed. Chartier in the eighth vol. of his edition of HippoLond. 1651) in the ninth. He appears to have crates and Galen. The best edition is that by
embraced in some degree the Peripatetic philo- Thom. Guidot, Lugd. Bat. 1703 (and 1731) 8vo.,
sophy; but he was certainly a Christian, and ex- containing an improved text, a new Latin version
presses himself on all possible occasions like a man by the editor, and copious and learned prolegomena
of great piety: in his physiological work especially and notes. The Greek text only, from Guidot's
he everywhere points out with admiration the wis- edition, is inserted by J. L. Ideler in the first
dom, power, and goodness of God as displayed in volume of his " Physici et Medici Graeci Minores,"
the formation of the human body. Berol. 1841, 8vo.
Five works are attributed to him, of which the III. A short treatise Ilepl ALaXwp71pcaToo-w, De
longest and most interesting is an anatomical andphy- Excrementis Alvinis, was first published by Guidot
siological treatise in five books, entitled Inep riS TO in Greek with a Latin translation by himself, at'ArOpc67rov Ka'aaKerlsv, De Corporis Husmani Fa- the end of his edition of the," De Urinis;" and
brica. It contains very little original matter, as it is the Greek text alone is republished by Ideler in
almost entirely abridged from Galen's great work, his " Phys. et Med. Graeci Min."
" De Usu Partium Corporis Humani," from which IV. A Commentary on the "Aphorisms" of Hiphowever Theophilus now and then differs, and which pocrates, which is sometimes attributed to a person
he sometimes appears to have misunderstood. In named Phlilotlzeus, is noticed under that name, p.
the fifth book he has inserted large extracts from 331.
Hippocrates " De Genitura," and "De Natura V. A short treatise IIespl Epvyluov, De Pulsibus,
Pueri." Herecommends in several places the dis- was first published by F. Z. Ermerins in his
section of animals, but he does not appear ever to "Anecdota Medica Graeca" (Lugd. Bat. 1840,
have examined a human body: in one passage he 8vo.), with a Latin translation by the editor,
advises the student to dissect an ape, or else a various readings, and a few notes. It appears to
bear, or, if neither of these animals can be procured, be quite different from the work on the same subto take whatever he can get, " but by all means," ject by Philaretus, which has been sometimes
adds he, "let him dissect something." (v. 11. ~ 3.) attributed to Theophilus [PHILARETUS]. (See
The work was first published in a Latin translation Penny Cyclop. art. Thleophilus, and the references
by J. P. Crassus, Venet. 1536, 8vo., together with there given, from which work the present article
JIippocrates "De Medicamentis Purgautibus." has been abridged.) [Xr. A. G.]
This translation was several times reprinted, and is THEO'PHILUS, an artist in metal, was the
inserted by H. Stephens in his "i Medicae Artis maker of the celebrated iron helmet of Alexander,
Principes," Paris, 1567, fol. The MS. which Cras- which glittered like polished silver, and the necksus used is probably lost, as none of those which are chain of which was studded with precious stones.
now known to exist agrees with his translation. (Plut. A.l/e. 32.) Plutarch does not expressly tell
The original text was first published by Guil. us that the helmet was chased, but it can hardly
Morell, without Latin translation, preface, or notes, be supposed that its magnificence consisted only in
Paris, 1555, 8vo., from a MS. at Paris, which ap- its polish; and therefore we do not hesitate to
pears to be more defective than that used by Cras- place Theophilus among the most distinguished of
sus, though even that was not quite complete the Grecian caclatores. (Comp. Diet. of Aatiq.
Morell's edition is now become scarce, and was in- s. v. Caelatura, 2d ed.; R. Rochette, Lettre a Ar.
serted by Fabricius in the twelfth vol. of his Sclholn, p. 418, 2d ed.) [P. S.]
"Bibliotheca Graeca," together with the Latinl THEOPHRASTUS (~eo'ppanoros), the Greek
translation by Crassus. Two long passages which philosopher, was a native of Eresus in Lesbos.
were missing in the fourth and fifth books were (Strabo, xiii. p. 618; Diog. Lairt. v. 36, &c.)
published from a MS. at Venice by Andr. Mus- Before he left his native city the bent of his mind
toxydes and Demetr. Schinas in their collection, was directed towards philosophy by Leucippus or
entitled:vXXoyl~'AwroomraeldTcv'AVeK8'TwoV Alcippus, a man of whom we know nothing'EAAXh;YKVc, Venet. 1817. 8vo. The last and further. Leaving Eresus, he betook himself to
most complete edition is that by Dr. Greenhill, Athens, where he attached himself at first to Plato,
Oxon. 1842, 8vo., containing a corrected text, the but afterwards to Aristotle. (Diog. Lai'rt. 1. c.)
Latin version by Crassus, various readings, notes, The story that the latter changed the name of this,
and indices. his favourite pupil, from Tyrtamus to Theophrastus
II. His treatise rIepl Oipwv, De Urinis, in like (for the purpose, as is stated, of avoiding the camanner contains little or nothing that is original, cophony, and of indicating the fluent and graceful
but is a good compendium of what was known on address of the young man; Strabo, I. c.; Diog.
the subject by the ancients, and was highly Laert. v. 38, ib. Menag.), is scarcely credible. Nor
esteemed in the Middle Ages. It first appeared in can we place more reliance on the accounts that
a Latin translation by Pontius (or Ponticus) Viru- this change of name took place at a later period.
nius (or Virmius) in several early editions of the (He is already called Theophrastus in Aristotle's
collection known by the name of the "Articella." will; see Diog. Laert. v. 12, &c.) The authorities
It was first published in a separate form in a new who would lead us to suppose this express themLatin translation by Albanus Torinus, Basil. 1533, selves very indistinctly. (Cic. Orat. 19; Siquidens
8vo., together with the treatise "De Pulsibus," et Theophlrastus divinitate loquendi nomen invensit
which version was reprinted in 1535, Argent. 8vo., Quintil. Inst. Orat. xi. 1, in Tlseophlrasto tam est
and is inserted by H. Stephens in his " Medicae eloquendi nitor ille divinus ot ex eo nomen quoque
Artis Principes." The Greek text was first pub- traxisse dicatur.) It is mluch more likely that tile