A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1086 THEOPHILUS. THEOPHILUS.
H. E. viii. 11-19; Cave, Hist. Litt. s.a. 385, where the Institutes were used, even to the time
pp. 279, 280; Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. vii. pp. of the Hexabiblos of Harmenopulus, the last Greek
1 08, fell.; Murdock, note to Mosheim, Fccl. IIist. jurisconsult. It is conjectured, however, that there
vol. i. p. 444, Engl. ed.; Gieseler, Eccl. Hist. vol. i. was a literal Greek version of the Institutes, for
pp. 364-367, Davidson's transl.; Clinton, Fast. in some of the scholia (Basil. ed. Heimbach, i. p.
Rom. s. aa. 385, 387, 401, 402, 404.) 611, schol. 2) the text of the Institutes, which is
7. A chronographer, of unknown time, fre- cited several times, is not that of Theophilus. It
quently cited by John Malala. (Cave, Mlist. Litt., is also conjectured that Theophilus was not the
Dissert. i. vol. ii. p. 19; Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. editor of his own paraphrase, but that it was drawn
vii. pp. 110, 444; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 505, up by some of his pupils, after the explanation of
ed. Westermann.) the professor; and the ground for this opinion is
8. PRESBYTER, the author of a Commentary on that certain barbarous expressions are found in it,
the Oracula de Urbe Constantinopolitana, of the that the variations of the manuscripts are very nnemperor, Leo Sapiens. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. merous, and that several passages are repeated.
pp. 504, 505, ed. Westermann; Fabricius, Bibl. The paraphrase is, however, of great use for the
Graec. vol. vii. p. 111.) study of the text of the Institutes, many passages
An account of several other less important per- in which would be unintelligible without it.
sons of this name is given in Fabricius. (Bibl. The first edition of the paraphrase was by ViGracec. vol. vii. pp. 111-114.) [P. S.] glius Zuichemus, Basle, 1531, fol.; and it was
THEO'PHILUS (Oeo6QlXos), was one of the followed by several others, among which that ot
lawyers of Constantinople who were employed by Fabrot was the best. But the most complete
Justinian on his first Code, on the Digest and on edition is that by G. 0. Reitz, Haag, 1751, 2 vols.
the composition of the Institutes (De Novo Codice 4to. There is a German translation by W~ristemann,
faciendo, ~ 1, De Justinianeo Codice con0formando, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. (Mortreuil, listoire dc DroiZ
~ 2, De Confirmzatione Digestorum, Tanta, Wc, ~ 9, Byzantin, ce., Paris, 1843.) [G. L.]
Instit. D. Justiniani Prooemnium, ~ 3). In A. D. THEO'PHILUS (Oed'pLhos), physicians. 1.
528 Theophilus was comes sacri consistorii and Apparently a contemporary of Galen in the
jaris doctor at Constantinople. In A. D. 529 he second century after Christ, who gives an account
was ex magistro and juris doctor at Constantinople; of his delirium during an illness. (De Syltosm.
and in A. D. 532 lihe had the titles of Illustris, Ma- Difcer. c. 3, vol. vii. p. 60.)
gister and Juris peritus at Constantinople. This 2. A "Comes Archiatrorum," mentioned by St.
Theophilus is the author of the Greek translation Chrysostom in a letter to Olympias (vol. iii. p.
or paraphrase of the Institutes of Justinian, a fact 571, ed. Bened.), written about A. D. 407, as
which is now universally admitted, though some of having attended on himself. He may possibly be
the older critics supposed that there were two the same person who is quoted by Aitius (see No.
Theophili, one the compiler of the Institutes, and 3).
the other the author of the Greek version. 3. The author of one or two medical formule
The Greek paraphrase was made perhaps shortly quoted by Aiitius (ii. 3. 41, 42, 110, pp. 318, 319,
after the promulgation of the Institutes A.D. 533; and 356), must have lived some time in or before the
it was probably in A.D. 534 that, as professor of lawv sixth century after Christ. It is not known wheat Constantinople, Theophilus read upon the Latin ther he is the same person who is quoted by Rhazes
text of the Institutes, the commentary in Greek (Cont. i. 3, p. 6, ed. 1506), and who appears to
entitled "a Greek Paraphrase of the Institutes," have written a work De Membris Dolentibus (id.
and which was intended for the first year's course ibid. v. I, p. 100).
of legal studies. It may have been about the same 4. THEOPHILUS PROTOSPATHARIUS (rIlpWTOtime that Theophilus explained to his class the first'racOdptos), the author of several Greek medical
part, or first four books (7rpoCja), of the Digest, works, which are still extant, and of which it is
some fragments of which are preserved in the not quite certain whether some do not belong
scholia on the Basilica: this explanation completed to Philaretus [PHILARETUS] and Philotheus
the first year's course of study. We also infer [PraILOTHEUTs]. Every thing connected with his
from the same scholia that, in A. D. 535, Theophi- titles, the events of his life, and the time when he
lus explained to his class the second part, or the lived, is uncertain. He is generally called "Pro.
seven books (Do Joudiciis), for the same scholia tospatharius," which seems to have been originally
have preserved passages from his commentary on a military title given to the colonel of the bodythis part of the Digest. There are also fragments guards of the emperor of Constantinople (Spatharii,
of his commentary on the third division (De Rebus). or cvouaropv/xaAces); but which afterwards became
His labours, apparently, did not extend beyond also a high civil dignity, or was at any rate assoA. D. 535, and he may have died in A. D. 536, as ciated with the government of provinces and the
it is conjectured. Thalelaeus, one of his colleagues, functions of a judge. (See Dr. Greenhill's Notes
in the school of Constantinople, speaks of him as to Theoph., or Pennly yclopedia, art. Tlseopliluls,
dead; and probably Thalelaeus wrote about A. D. and the references there given.)
537. With respect to the personal history of TheoThe title of the paraphrase of Theophilus is philus, if, as is generally done, we trust to the'IVUarTiroeTa OeoP[iAov'AvrtKcieVopos, Instituta Tizeo- titles of the MSS. of his works, and so endeavour
phili Antecensoris. It became the text for the In- to trace the events of his life, we may conjecture
stitutes in the East, where the Latin language was that he lived in the seventh century after Christ;
little known, and entirely displaced the Latin text. that he was the tutor to Stephanus Atheniensis
It maintained itself as a manual of lasw until the [STEPHANUS, p. 907]; that he arrived at high proeighth anld tenth centuries, though others were fessional and political rank; and that at last he
subsequently published by the Greek emperors. embraced the monastic life. All this is, however,
This text was employed, as we see, on all occasions quite uncertain; and with respect to his date, it