A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

THEOPHANES. THEOPHILUS. 1083
Syncellus, by whose desire he continued the Clro- Caes. B. C. iii. 18; Cic. ad Att. ix. 3, 11.) After
nicon, which was broken off by the death of Syn- the battle of Pharsalia Theophanes fled with
cellus. The work of Theophanes, which is still Pompey from Greece, and it was owing to his
extant, begins at the accession of Diocletian, in advice that Pompey went to Egypt. (Plut. Pomtp.
A. D. 277, and embraces a period of 524 years, 76, 78.) After the death of his friend and patron,
down to A. D. 811, that is, almost up to the very Theophanes took refuge in Italy. He was parperiod when the career of Theophanes was ended doned by Caesar, and was still alive in B. C. 44, as
by his imprisonment. It consists, like the Chro- we see from one of Cicero's letters (ad Att. xv. 19).
nzica of Eusebius and of Syncellus, of two parts, a After his death the Lesbians paid divine honours
history arranged according to years, and a chrono- to his memory. (Tac. Ann. vi. 18.) Theophanes
logical table, of which the former is very superior wrote the history of Pompey's campaigns, in which
to the latter. We possess the original Greek, and he represented the exploits of his hero in the most
an ancient Latin translation, badly executed, by favourable light, and did not hesitate, as Plutarch
Anastasius Bibliothecarius. It has been pub- more than hints, to invent a false tale for the purlished, with an improved Latin Version, and with pose of injuring the reputation of an enemy of the
the Notes of Geoar and Combifis, in the Parisian Pompeian family. (Plut. PoWmp. 37, et alibi; Strab.
and Venetian Collections of the Byzantine writers, xi. p. 503, xiii. p. 617; Cic. pro Arch. 1. c.; Val.
Paris, 1655, fol., Venet. 1729, fol., and in Nie- Max. I. c.; Capitol. i. c.)
buhr's Corpus Script. Hist. Byz. Bonn. 2 vols. 8vo. Theophanes left behind him a son, M. Poms(Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. vii. pp. 459, foll.; Cave, PEIUS THEOPHANES, who was sent to Asia by
-list. Litt. s. a. 792, vol. i. p. 641, ed. Basil.; Vos- Augustus, in the capacity of procurator, and was
sius, de Hist. Graec. p. 340, ed. Westermann; at the time that Strabo wrote one of the friends of
Hankius, Byz. Rcr. Script. i. 11, pp. 200, foll.). Tiberius. The latter emperor, however, put his
4. CERAMEUS. [CERAMEUS, THEOPHANES.] descendants to death towards the end of his reign,
Someless important writers and ecclesiastics of A. D. 33, because their ancestor had been one of
this name are noticed by Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. Pompey's friends, and had received after his death
vol. xi. pp. 218-222. divine honours from the Lesbians. (Strab. xiii. p.
There is one epigram in the Greek Anthology, 617; Tac, Ann. vi. 18; comp. Drumann, Geschlichlte
under the name of Theophanes, but its authorship Roms, vol. iv. pp. 551-553; Vossius, de list.
is very uncertain. (See Jacobs, Bibl. Graec. vol. Grace. pp. 190, 191, ed. Westermann.)
xiii. p. 958.) [P. S.] THEOPHILISCUS, a Rhodian, who comTHEO'PHANES GRAPTUS. [GRA.PTUS.] manded the fleet sent by his countrymen to the
THEO'PHANES NONNUS. [NoNNUS.] assistance of Attalus, king of Pergamus, against
THEO'PHANES, CN. POMPEIUS, of My- Philip, king of Macedonia, B. c. 201. He bore an
tilene in Lesbos, a learned Greek, was one of the important part in the great sea-fight off Chios,
most intimate friends of Pompey, whom he accom- which was brought on by his advice, and in which
panied in many of his campaigns, and who fre- he mainly contributed to the victory, both by his
quently followed his advice on public as well as skill and personal valour. But having been led
private matters. (Caes. B. C. iii. 18; Strab. xiii. by his ardour too far into the midst of the enemy's
p. 617.) He was not a freedman of Pompey, as fleet, his own ship was assailed on all sides, and
some modern writers have supposed (Burmann, ad he extricated her with great difficulty, having lost
Vell. PIat. ii. 18); but the Roman general appears almost all his crew, and himself received three
to have made his acquaintance during the Mithri- wounds, of which he died shortly after. Tile
datic war, and soon became so much attached to highest honours were paid to his memory by the
him that he presented to the Greek the Roman Rhodians. (Polyb. xvi. 2, 5, 9.) [E. H. B.]
franchise in the presence of his army, after a speech THEO'PHILUS (OEcptAxos), emperor of Conin which he eulogised his merits. (Cic. pro Arc7h. stantinople A. D. 829-842, was the son and suc10; Val. Max. viii. 14. ~ 3.) This occurred in cessor of Michael II. Balbus, with whom he was
all probability about B. C. 62, and Theophanes associated in the government as early as 821
must now have taken the name of Pompeius after (Eckhel, vol. viii. p. 240.) He was engaged in
his patron. Such was his influence with Pompey, war with the Saracens during the greater part of
that, in the course of the same year, be obtained his reign, but notwithstanding his valour and energy
for his native city the privileges of a fiee state, he was generally unsuccessful against these foralthough it had espoused the cause of Mithridates, midable foes, and hence obtained the surname
and had given up the Roman general M'. Aquillius of the Unfortunate. At the end of his fifth camto the king of Pontus. (Plut. Pomp. 42.) Theo- paign he had the mortification of seeing the city of
phanes came to Rome with Pompey after the con- Amorium in Phrygia, which was the birth-place of
clusion of his wars in the East. There he adopted, his father, and which he and his father had adorned
before he had any son, L. Cornelius Balbus, of with public buildings, levelled to the ground by the
Gades, a favourite of his patron. (Cic. pro Bualb. caliph Motassem. Like most of the other Byzan25; Capitol. Balbin. 2.) He continued to live tine emperors, Theophilus took part in the religious
with Pompey on the most intimate terms, and disputes of his age. He was a zealous iconoclast,
we see from Cicero's letters, that his society and persecuted the worshippers of images with the
was courted by many of the Roman nobles, on utmost severity; but notwithstanding his heresy,
account of his well-known influence with Pom- the ancient writers bestow the highest praise upon
pey. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 5, 12, 17, v. 11.) On his impartial administration of justice. He died
the breaking out of the civil war he accompanied in 842, and was succeeded by his infant son
Pompey to Greece, who appointed him commander Michael III., who was left under the guardianship
of the Fabri, and chiefly consulted him and Lucceius of his mother, the empress Theodora. [MICHAEL
on all important matters in the war, much to the III.] (Zonar. xv. 25-29; Cedrenus, pp. 51 3 —
indignation of the Roman nobles. (Plut. Cic. 38; 533; Contintator Theoph. lib. iii.; Ducange, I1