A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

100 PALLAS.- PALILAS.
especially to the management of fruit trees he was 6. A son of IIeracles by Dyna, the daughter of
deeply indebted to Gargilius Martialis; various Evander; from her some derived the name of the
recipes are extracted from the Greeks consulted by Palatine hill at Rome. (Dionys. i. 32.)
the compilers of the "Geoponica," and the chap- 7. A son of Evander, and an ally of Aeneas, was
ters connected with architectural details are mere slain by the Rutulian Turnus. (Virg. Aen. viii.
compendiums of Vitruvius. Palladius seems to 104, 514, xi. 140, &c.)
have been very popular in the middle ages, a fact 8. A son of the Athenian king Pandion, and
established by the great variety of readings afforded accordingly a brother of Aegeus, Nisus, and Lycus,
by different MSS., since these discrepancies prove was slain by Theseiss. The celebrated family of
that the text must have been very frequently the Pallantidae at Athens traced their origin up
transcribed, and by the circumstance that nearly to this Pallas. (Apollod. iii. 15. ~ 5; Pans. i. 22.
the whole of the treatise is to be found included in ~ 2, 28. ~ 10; Plut. Thes. 3; Eurip. Hippol.
the well-known "Speculum" of Vincentius of 35.) [L. S.]
Beauvais. The name, as given at the head of this PALLAS (IIahAds), a surname of Athena. In
article, appears at full length both at the beginning Homer this name always appears united with the
and at the end of the Vatican Codices. name Athena, as aXhAAs'A60SYe or nlahds'AAOiPalladius was first printed by Jenson in the vai7; but in later writers we also find Pallas alone
"Rei Rusticae Scriptores;" fol. Venet. 1472, and instead of Athena. (Pind. 01. v. 21.) Plato (Crafrom that time forward was included in nearly all tyl. p. 406) derives the surname from rrchAsrnE, to
the collections of writers upon agricultural topics. brandish, in reference to the goddess brandishing
The best editions are those contained in the " Scrip- the spear or aegis, whereas Apollodorus (i. 6. ~ 2)
tores Rei Rusticae veteres Latini " of Gesner, 2 derives it fromn the giant Pallas, who was slain by
vols. 4to. Lips. 1735, reprinted with additions and Athena. But it is more probable that Pallas is
corrections by Ernesti in 1773, and in the " Scrip- the same word as iraAa5, i. e. a virgin or maiden.
tores Rei Rusticae " of Schneider, 4 vols. 8vo. Lips. (Comp. Tzetz. ad Lye. 355.) Another female
1794, in which the text underwent a complete Pallas, described as a daughter of Triton, is menrevision, and appears under a greatly amended form. tioned under PALLADIUM. [L. S].
There are translations into English by Thomas PALLAS, a freedman of the emperor Claudius,
Owen, 8vo. London 1803, into German along with and one of his greatest favourites. He was oriColumella by Maius, fol. Magdeb. 1612, into ginallythe slave of Antonia, the mother of Claudius,
French by Jean Darces, 8vo. Paris, 1553, into and is first mentioned in A. D. 31, when Antonia
Italian by Marino, 4to. Sien. 1526, by Nicolo di entrusted to him the responsible commission of
Aristotile detto Zoppino, 4to. Vineg. 1528, by San- carrying a letter to the emperor Tiberius, in which
sovino, 4to. Vineg. 1560, and by Zanotti, 4to. she disclosed the ambitious projects of Sejanus, and
Veron. 1810. [W. R.] in consequence of which the all-powerful minister
PALLA'NTIA, a daughter of Evander, was was put to death. (Joseph. Ant. xviii. 7. ~ 6).
beloved by Heracles, and said to be buried on the The name of Pallas does not occur during the
Palatine hill at Rome, which derived its name reign of Caligula, but on the accession of Clalldius,
frdm her. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 51.) Evander him- whose property he had become by the death of
self, being a grandson of Pallas, is also called Pal- Antonia, and who had meantime manumitted him,
lantius. (Ov. Fast. v. 647.) [L. S.] he played an important part in public affairs.
PALLA'NTIAS, a patronymic by which Au- Along with Narcissus and Callistus, two other
rora, the daughter of the giant PalIas, is some- freedmen, he administered the affairs of the enmtimes designated. (Ov. IMet. iv. 373, vi. 567, ix. pire, but Narcissus had more energy and resolution
420.) Pallantias also occurs as a variation for than the other two, and consequently took the
Pallas, the surname of Athena. (Anthol. Palat. vi. leading part in the government during the early
247.) [L. S.] part of Claudius' reign. When they saw that the
PALLAS (la'Xxas). 1. A son of Crius and death of Messalina, the wife of the emperor, was
Eurybia, was one of the Titans, and brother of necessary to their own security, Narcissus alone
Astraeus and Perses. He was married to Styx, had the courage to carry it into execution [NARby whom he became the father of Zelus, Cratos, cissus]; Pallas was afraid to take any decisive
Bia, and Nice. (Hes. Thleoq. 376, 383; Paus. vii. step. The consequence was, that after the execu26. ~ 5, viii. 18, ~ 1; Apollod. i. 2. ~~ 2, 4.) tion of the empress, the influence of Narcissus be2. A son of Megamedes, and father of Selene. came superior to that of Callistus and Pallas, but
(Hom. Hymn. in Mere. 100.) the latter soon recovered his former power. The
3. A giant, who, in the fight with the gods, was question now was, whom the weak-minded emperor
slain by Athena, and flayed by her. (Apollod. should marry, and each of the three freedmen had
i. 6. ~ 2.) a different person to propose. Pallas was fortunate
4. A son of Lycaon, and grandfather of Evan- enough to advocate the claims of Agrippina, who
der, is said to have founded the town of Pallantium actually admitted the freedman to her embraces in
in Arcadia, where statues were erected both to order to purchase his support; and upon the marPallas and Evander. (Paus. viii. 3. ~ 1, 44. ~ 5.) riage of Agrippina to the emperor in A.D. 50,
Servius (ad Aen. viii. 54) calls him a son of Pallas shared in the good fortune -of his candidate.
Aegeus, and states that being expelled by his bro- He was now leagued with the empress in order
ther Theseus, he emigrated into Arcadia; and Dio- to oppose Narcissus; and Pallas and Agrippina
nysius of Halicarnassus (i. 33) confounds him with became the real rulers of the Romal world. It
Pallas, the son of Crius. was Pallas who persuaded Claudius to adopt the
5. According to some traditions, the father of young Domitius (afterwards the emperor Nero),
Athena, who slew him as he was on the point of the son of Agrippina, and he thus paved the
violating her. (Cic. De Nat. Deor. iii. 23; Tzetz. wray for his accession to the throne. This imad Lye. 355.) portant service did not go unrewarded. In A. D~