A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1078 THEOGNIS. THEOGNOSTUS.
Lex. Bitliogr. s. v.) Of several other old editions, Dicaeopolis mentions, as one of his miseries, tie.it,
the most important are, that of Jo. Lodov. Tile- when he was sitting in the theatre, gaping for a tlratanus, Paris, 1537, 4to.: that of El. Vinet. Santo, gedy of Aeschylus, the crier shouted, " Theognis,
Paris, 1543, 4to.: that of Joachim Camerarius, lead in your chorus:" in another, illustrating the
who was the first to discover that the collection connection between the characters of poets and
was not a single work by a single author, and their works, Aristophanes says (Thesm. 168),
whose edition is still very valuable for its critical 6,' a O'oy6s1 4vxpVs,V 4VxpIs 7re6i
and explanatory notes; its full title is, Libellus
scolasticus utilis, et valde bonus, quo continentur, and in the third, he describes the frigid character
Theognidis praecepta, Pythagorae versus aurei, of his compositions by the witticism, that once the
Phocylidae Praecepta, Solonis, Tyrtaei, Simonidis, et whole of Thrace was covered with snow, and the
Callimachi quaedam Carmina, collecta et explicata rivers were frozen, at the very time when Theognis
a Joachimo Camcrario Pabepergen, Basil. 1551, was exhibiting a tragedy at Athens (Achaorn. 138).
8vo.: that of Melanchthon, with his Explicatio, or This joke is no doubt the foundation for the stateexposition of the author, delivered in his lectures ment of the scholiast that Theognis was so frigid a
at the University of Wittemberg, Witeberg, 1560, poet as to obtain the nickname of Xitdv (Schol. ad
8vo.; often reprinted, but without the Explicatio: Ac/larn. 11; copied by Suidas, s. v.). It would
that of Seber, who used three MSS. which had seem from a passage of Siidas (s. v. NlKutcaXos)
not been collated before, but whose edition is that, on one occasion, Theognis gained the third
inaccurately printed, Lips. 1603, 8vo.; reprinted prize, in competition with Euripides and Nicomore accurately, 1620, 8vo.. but this edition is machnes. It is stated by the scholiast on Aristovery rare: that of Sylburg, with the other gnomic phanes, by Harpocration (s. v.), and by Suidas
poets, Ultraject. 1651, 12mo.; reprinted, 1748, (s. v.), on the authority of Xenophon, in the 2d
12mo.: that of H. G. Just, Francof. et Lips. 1710, Book of the Hellenics, that Theognis was one of
8vo.: that of Fischern, with a German translation, the Thirty Tyrants; and perhaps, therefore, the
Altenburg, 1739, 8vo.: that in the edition of name Oeoy-evrs, in the passage of Xenophon reCallimachus, the editorship of which is doubtful, ferred to (Iell. ii. 3. ~ 2), should be altered to
Lond. 1741, 8vo. (see Hoffinann, s. v. Callimla- 0Do-yvis. According to these statements Theognis
chus): and that of Bandini, with a metrical Italian began to exhibit tragedies before the date of the
version, Florent. 1766, 8vo. There are two standard Acharnians, B. c. 425, and continued his poetical
modern editions; that of Imm. Bekker, who has career down to the date of the Thesmnophoriazusae,
preserved the order of the MSS., Lips. 1815, and B. c. 411, and was still conspicuous in public life
2d ed. 1827, 8vo.; and that of Welcker, who has in B. C. 404.
re-arranged the verses in the manner explained Two lines are referred to by some writers, as
above, Francof. 1826, 8vo.: there is also an edition quoted from a tragedy of Theognis, entitled
of the text, with critical notes, by J. Casp. Orellius, Ov'e'TS., by Stobaeus (xcii. 5); but a careful exTuric. 1840, 4to. The poems are also contained amination of the passage shows that it refers to
in several of the ancient collections of the Greek the Thlyestes of Euripides. We have, however, one
poets, besides those of the gnomic poets already line from Theognis, quoted by Demetrius (de Eloc.
referred to (see Hoffmann), and in the following 85):
modern collections: Brunck's Gnoezici Poetae MpaTMnprTab irT4, (cpgsyy' &XOpasr.
Graeci, Argentorat. 1784, 8vo., reprinted 1817,
8vo.; also reprinted, for the use of colleges and The metaphor in this line is referred to by Aristotle
schools, by Schaefer, Lips. 1817, 12mo., and in (Rhet. iii. 11), in conjunction with an equally bold
the Tauchnitz Classics, 1815, 1829, 32mo.; Gais- one from Timotheus which Aristotle mentions also
ford's Poetae AIinores Graeci, Oxon. 1814-1820, in other passages (RhLet. iii. 4; Post. xxi. 12);
Lips. 1823, 8vo.; Boissonade's Poctae Graeci whence Tyrwhitt, Hermann, and Ritter (ad Aist'.
Gnosmici, Paris, 1823, 32mo.; Schneidewin's De- Po't. 1. c.) have fallen into the error of ascribing
lectus Poesis Graecorumn, Gottin,. 1838, 8vo.; and the former metaphor also to Timotheus, instead of
Bergk's Poetae Lyrici Graeci, Lips. 1843, 8vo. lTheognis. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. ii. p. 324
(Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. i. pp. 704, foll.; Welcker, Welcker, die Griecl. Trag. pp. 1006, 1007; Kayser,
Prolegomena ad Tleognidem, comp. the Review by Hist. Crit. Trag. Graec. pp. 325, 326; Wagner,
Geel, in the Bibl. Crit. Nov. vol. iv. pp. 209-245; Frag. Traq. Graec. pp. 92, 93, in Didot's BiblioSchneidewin, Theogn. Eleg. Prooemium, in his tieca Scriptossrum Graecorum).
Delectus, pp. 46-56; Miiller, History of the Lite- 3. The author of a work crepl'oiv e'v'Pobi
ncature of Ancient Greece, vol. i. pp. 120-124; /vaocOv, from the second book of which is a quotaUlrici; Bode; Theognis Restitutus, The personal tion made by Athenaeus (viii. p. 360, b.; Vossius,
history of the poet Theognis deducedfS'omr an (analysis de Itist. Grace. p. 504, ed. Westermann). [P. S.]
of his existing Fragments, Malta, 1842, 4to.; this THEOGNOSTUS (edyerwco'os). 1. A Chrislast work we have not seen; it is favourably men- tian writer, a native of Alexandria, the author of a
tioned by Schneidewin, who says, " manches ist work entitled o tO saKapiov Eeoyv'c6rTov'AxeSavsehr sinnreich aufgefasst u. anregend," in Miihl- 6pEo's Kai l4ajyroVov v7rou7rv'raers. Photius, who
mann and Jenicke's Repertorium d. class. Philologie, speaks in very disrespectful terms of him, gives
1844, vol. i. p. 41, in which periodical also will be a brief account of the contents of the work. (Cod.
found references to several recent papers in the 106.) It seems, from what he says, that TheoGerman periodicals on matters relating to Theognis: gnostus closely followed Origenes. The style is
for an account of other illustrative works, see described by Photits as being of a very inferior
Hoffmann, Lex. Bibliogr. s. v.) description. Athanasius, however, speaks in much
2. A tragic poet, contemporary with Aristo- higher terms of Theognostus. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace.
phanes, who mentions him only in three passages, vol. x. p. 709.)
but they are rich ones. In the first (Acharn. 11) 2. A Byzantine grammarian, who lived at the