A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1072 THEODOTIUS. THEODOTUS.
Theophilus with Theodora of Paphlagonia, in A. fl. THEO'DOTULS (~eo'6oros), historical. 1. A
830, was appended to the epitome of the Aethiopica Macedonian in the service of Antigonus, king of
of Heliodorus, published by Martin Crusius at Asia. In s.c. 315 he commanded a fleet with which
Frankfort, 1584. The entire work has never been he was preparing to join Antigonus, when he was
printed. There is also a MS. in the royal library surprised by Polycleitus, the admiral of Ptolemy,
at Munich. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 472; on the coast of Lycia, all his ships captured, and
Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 504, ed. Westermann; he himself mortally wounded. (Diod. xix. 64.)
Tafel, de Theodosio Melitino, inedlifae Historiae 2. An officer who was entrusted by Lysimachus
Byzantinae scriptore, ex Codice Tubingensi Notitia with the important charge of the citadel of Sardes,
Literaria, Prog. Acad. Tubing. 1828, 4to.) in which he for a time defied all the efforts of
8. Another writer of the history of the laterRoman Seleucus. But that monarch, having at length
empire, was a Syracusan monk, in the tenth century proclaimed a reward of 100 talents for the head
of our era. He wrote an account of the taking of Sy- of Theodotus, rendered the latter so suspicious of
racuse by the Spanish Arabs, in the form of a letter his own followers, that he himself secretly opened
to Leo Diaconus, a Latin version of which, by the the gates of the fortress to Seleucus. (Polyaen. iv.
monk Joasaph, or Josaphat, has been published in 9. ~ 4.)
a more or less-complete form in the various col- 3. A Rhodian to whose judicious advice in regard
lections of works on the history of Italy (Mura- to the management of his elephants Antiochus I.
tori, Script. Rcr. Ital. vol. i. pt. ii. p. 257, a). The king of Syria was mainly indebted for the great
Greek text was first published, with a new Latin victory over the Gauls, to which he owed the
version and notes, by C. B. Hase, in his edition of security of his throne and kingdom (Lucian, Zeuxis,
Leo Diaconts, Paris, 1819, fol. (Vossins, de Hist. 9, 10; Droysen, Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 23'.)
Graec. p. 504, ed. Westermann; Hoffmann, Lexi- 4. Surnamed HEMIOLIUS ('HydiALos, probably
con. Bibliograph. Scriptor. Graecoruin, s. vv. Theo- as suggested by Schweighiuser from his unusual
dosius and Leo.) stature), was a general in the service of Antiochus
9. DIACONUS, a third Byzantine historian, who the Great, by whom he was sent in B. c. 222
appears to have lived about the same time as the together with Xenon against Molon, who had
preceding, was the author of five arpoarneis inl raised the standard of revolt in the easternprovinces
iambic verse, on the subject of the expedition of of the monarchy [MoLON]. The two generals
Nicephorus Phocas to Crete, iii A. D. 961, which were however unable to cope with the rebel
was first published in Greek and Latin by Fl. Cor- satrap, and withdrew within the walls of the cities,
nelious, in his Cretas Sacra, Venet. 1755, 4to.; leaving him in possession of the open country.
again, by P. F. Fogginius, in his Nova Appendix (Polyb. v. 42, 43.) After the final defeat of Molon
Corporis HIistoriae Byzantinae, Romae, 1777, fol.; by Antiochus himself, Theodotus was selected by
and lastly, with notes and a vocabulary of words that monarch to take the command in Coele Syria,
peculiar to the author, by F. Jacobs, in his edition while he himself undertook to reduce Seleucia.
of Leo Diacoills, in the Corpus Script. Hist. By- What Theodotus accomplished at this time we
zant. Bonn. 1828, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. know not, but the next year (B. c. 219) we find
p. 533; Vossiius, de Hist. Graec. 1. c.; Hoffmann, him serving under the immediate command of
Lexicon, II. cc.) Antiochus himself, and bearing an important share
10. A monk, the titles of whose answer to the in the action against Nicolaus the general of
arguments against the resurrection of the body, Ptolemy, near Porphyreon, as well as shortly after
and another work in refutation of John Philo- at the siege of Rabbatamana. On both these
ponus, are given by Photius (Bibl. Cod. 22, comp. occasions he was associated with Nicarchus, with
Cod. 22.) [P. S.] whom he also sharied in the commnand of the
THEODO'SIUS (OEodsrLos), a physician who phalanx at the memorable battle of Raphia, B. c.
must have lived in or before the fifth century after 217. After that great defeat he was chosen by
Christ, as he is quoted by Aetius (ii. 2. 54, p. Antiochus as one of the ambassadors whom he sent
276). He is perhaps the same person who is to Ptolemy to sue for peace. (Id. v. 59, 68, 69, 71,
quoted by Rhazes. (See Haller's Bibl. Med. Pract. 79, 83, 87.)
vol. i. p. 354.) [THEODOTIvUS.] [W. A. G.] 5. An Aetolian, who at the accession of AntiTHEO'DOTA (Oeo0or1q), an Athenian cour- ochus the Great (B. c. 223) held the command of
tezan, and one of the most celebrated persons of the important province of Coele Syria for Ptolemy
that class in Greece (Liban. vol. i. p. 582), is Philopator king of Egypt. He was an able general,
introduced as a speaker in one of the dialogues in and repulsed with ease the first attack made by
Xenophon's Memorabilia (iii. 11), where some in- the king of Syria upon his government, but instead
formation is given respecting her. (Comp. Ath. v. of being rewarded by Ptolemy for his services, he
p. 220, f.) She at last attached herself to Alci- was recalled to Alexandria, where he nearly fell a
biades, and, after his murder, she performed his victim to the intrigues of some of the courtiers and
funeral rites. (Ath. xiii. p. 574, f.; Cobet, Prosop. favourites of the king. Disgusted with this treatXenoph. pp. 83, foll.) [P. S.] ment, and despising the vices and luxury of
THEODO'TIUS (~eodJrTos), the author of a Ptolemy, when he was again suffered to resume
medical formula, quoted by Alexanider Trallianus the colnmalld in Coele Syria (B.C. 219) he con(xi. 1. p. 310), who is called by him o 4,uAod'ospos. ceived the design of betraying that province into
He may perhaps be the same person who is called the hands of Antiochus. His overtures were readily
Thleodosius. The word occurs ill several other pas- welcomed, and lie surrendered the two important
sages of Alexander Trallianus and of Adtius, but fortresses of Tyre and Ptolemais to the Syrian
probably in each it is the name of a medicine, and monarch, whom he immediately joined with the
not of a man. (See Fabric. Bill. Gr. vol. viii'. p. forces under his command. Nicolnus however
329, xii. 602, xiii. 433, ed. vet.) [SEVERUS, P. prevented his design from taking full effect, and
802.] LW. A. G.] retained a part of the Syrian provinces under the