A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1046 THEODORUS. THEODORUS.
Latin emperor at Constantinople, and the successor deprived him of his eyes, in 1230. During his
of Baldwin, over whom he gained several victories; captivity among the Bulgarians, his brother Maand it is no small proof of his abilities, that nuel' had seized his dominions and assumed the
although surrounded by so many enemies, he gra- title of emperor; but Theodore having obtained
dually extended his dominions, and increased his his liberty, gained possession of Thessalonica by
power. For the history of his war with the stratagem, and- deposed his brother. In conseLatins, see HENRICUS. In 1210 a new enemy quence of the loss of his sight, he conferred the
appeared. In this year his father-in-law, Alexis, title of emperor upon his son Joannes; but the
who had escaped from captivity, claimed the throne, latter was subsequently conquered in the life-time
and was supported in his claims by Gayath-ed-din, of his father by Joannes Vatatzes, the emperor of
the powerful sultan of Koniah. As Theodore re- Nicaea, who compelled him to renounce the imfused to surrender the crown to his father-in-law, perial dignity, and to content himself with the
the sultan marched against him at the head of a rank of despot. [JOANNES III.] (Acropolita,
powerful army, but was defeated and slain in cc. 14, 21, 25, 26, 38, 40, 42; Du Cange, Famibattle. Alexis fell into the hands of Theodore, liae Byzantinae, p. 207.)
who kept him in confinement in a monastery, THEODO'RUS (OeoE'6pos), literary and ecclewhere he died some years afterwards. Theodore siastical. 1. ABBAS et PHILOSOPHr s, a learned
spent the latter years of his reign in peace. He Greek ecclesiastic of the latter part of the sixth or
died in 1222, a little more than 45 years of age, the beginning of the seventh century, from whom
and in the 18th year of his reign, computing from it is commonly supposed that Leontius of Byzanthe time that he first became master of Nicaea, tium [LEoNTIus, No. 5] derived the materials of
but in the 1] 6th year from the date of his corona- his work De Sectis. (Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p.
tion. He left no male offspring, and was succeeded 538, ed. Oxford, 1740-1743; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
by his son-in-law Joannes Vatatzes, who had mar- vol. viii. p. 31 0.)
ried his daughter Irene [JOANNES III.]. Theo- 2. ABUCARA ('AgovtKapa, an Arabic name signidore was married thrice. 1. To Anna Comnena, fying " Father (sc. bishop) of Cara;" derived from
the daughter of Alexis III. 2. To Philippa, an the city of which Theodore was bishop), a Greek
Armenian princess, whom he divorced. 3. To ecclesiastical writer. He flourished, at the latest,
Maria, the daughter of Peter of Courtenay, em- in the beginning of the ninth century, and is to be
peror of Constantinople. (Nicetas, Alex. Comn. carefully distinguished from Theodorus, bishop of
and Balduinus; Acropolita, cc. 6, 14, 15, 18; Caria in Thrace rNo. 20], the contemporary of
Du Cange, Familiae Byzantinae, p. 219.) Photius; from Theodore of Rhaithu [No. 65], and
THEODO'RUS 1I. LA'SCARIS, Greek em- from Theodore of Antioch, otherwise Theodore Haperor of Nicaea, A. D. 1255-1259, was the son of giopolita [No. 11], with each of whom he appears
Joannes Vatatzes and of Irene, the daughter of to have been, by various writers, improperly conTheodorus I. Lascaris, from whom he derived the founded. Very little is known of him. The time
surname of Lascaris. His short reign presents at which he lived is ascertained by the inscription
nothing worthy of record. He died in August, to a piece published among his works, from which
1259, in the 36th or 37th year of his age, and was it appears that he was contemporary with the pasucceeded by his son Joannes Lascaris. [JOAN- triarch Thomas of Jerusalem, probably Thomas I.,
NES IV.] (Du Cange, Familiac Byzantinae, p. whose patriarchate extended from A. D. 807, or
223.) earlier, to somewhere between A. D. 821 and 829.
THEODO'RUS A'NGELUS, the Greek em- (Comp. Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. iii. col.
peror of Thessalonica, A. D. 1222-1230, was de- 356.) Of what place Abucara was bishop has been
scended from a noble family, being the son of much disputed, but it appears probable that it was
Joannes Angelus, also called Comnenus, and the a village called Cara or Charran in Coele-Syria.
grandson of Constantinus Angelus. After the The pieces published under the name of Theooverthrow of the Greek empire by the Latins in dore Abucara are forty-three in number, and are
1204, Theodore Angelus served for some time almost entirely on polemical divinity. They are
under Theodore Lascaris, the emperor of Nicaea, chiefly directed against the Mahometans, and
but afterwards passed over to Europe to join his against the Jacobites and Nestorians, the predobastard brother Michael, who had established an ininant heretical sects of the East. It is to be obindependent principality in Epeirus. On the death served that in the Latin versions of two of his
of Michael he succeeded to his dominions, which pieces by Turrianus (Nos. 26 and 27 in Gretser),
he greatly enlarged by the conquest of Thessaly, he is called "Theodorus Monachus," and "TheoMacedonia, and other surrounding countries. He dorus Hagiopolita:" presuming that these desigtook Peter of Courtenay prisoner, who had been nations were found in the originals employed by
elected emperor of Constantinople, as he was tra- Turrianus, it would appear, either that Theodore
velling through Epeirus to the imperial city, and had been a monk at Jerusalem before he was bishop,
kept him in captivity till his death [PETRtS]. or that his works have been confounded with those
Elated by his numerous successes, Theodore as- of another Theodore [No. 11]. Many of the
sumed the title of Emperor of the Romans, and pieces are in the form of a dialogue, and it is not
was crowned at Thessalonica in 1222, in the same impossible, from the great brevity of some, that
year that Joannes Vatatzes succeeded to the im- they may be accounts of actual discussions in which
perial title at Nicaea, and Andronicus at Trebi- Theodore was engaged, and which were reported by
zond. He carried on war with success against the John, a disciple of Theodore, or some other person.
Latins, took Adrianople, and advanced as far as The first published were fifteen, in the Latin version
the walls of Constantinople. He was, however, of Gilbertus Genebrardus (Nos. 1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 14,
recalled to the defence of his own dominions by an 16, 23, 25, 31, 33, in Gretser, whose arrangement
invasion of Asan, king of the Bulgarians, who differs much from that of Genebrardus). They
defeated him in battle, took him prisoner, and were given in vol. v. of the Bibliothleca Patrumn of