A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

96 PALLADIUIS. PALLADIUS.
Lansiac History. Tillemont places at the cornm- we well place his ordination as bishop before A. D.
mencement of his ascetic career his abode with 400.
Elpidius of Cappadocia, in some caverns of Mount All the foregoing particulars relate to the author
Lucas, near the banks of the Jordan (c. 70, Meurs., of the Lausiac History, from the pages of which
106, Bibl. Pair.), and his residence at Bethlehem, the notices of them are gleaned. Now we learn
and other places in Palestine. He supposes that from Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 57), that in the Synod
it was at this time that he saw several other saints " of the Oak," at which Joannes or John Chrysoswho dwelt in that country, and anmong them, per- tom was condemned [CHarYSOSTOMUS], and which
haps (for Palladius does not directly say that he was held in A. D. 403, one of the charges against
knew him personally), St. Jerome, of whom his him related to the ordination of a Palladius, bishop
impressions, derived chiefly, if not wholly, from of Helenopolis, in Bithynia, a follower of the opithe representations of Posidonius, were by no nions of Origen. The province in which the diomeans favourable (c. 42, 50, Meurs., 78, 124, Bibl. cese was situated, the Origenist opinions (probably
Patr.). Palladius first visited Alexandria in the imbibed from or cherished by Evagrius of Pontus),
second consulship of the emperor Theodosius the and the intimation of something open to objection
Great, i. e. in A. D. 388 (c. 3, Meurs., 1, Bibl. in his ordination, compared with the ambiguous
l'atr.), and by the advice of Isidorus, a presbyter manner in which the author of the Lausiac History
of that city, placed himself under the instruction speaks of his elevation, are, we think, conclusive
of Dorotheus, a solitary, whose mode of life was as to the identity of the historian with Palladius
so hard and austere that Palladius was obliged, by of Helenopolis. He is doubtless the Palladius
sickness, to leave him, without completing the three charged by Epiphanius (Epistol. ad Joan. Jerosol.
years which he had intended to stay (c. 4, Meurs., apud Hieronymi Opera, vol. i. col. 252, ed. Vallars.),'2, Bii, Patr.) He remained for a short time in the and by Jerome himself (Prooesm. in Dial. ado. Peneighbourhood of Alexandria, and then resided for lagianos) with Origenism. Tillemont vainly ata year among the solitaries in the mountains of tempts to show that Palladius the Origenist was
the desert of Nitria, who amounted to five thou- a different person from the bishop of Helenopolis.
sand (c. 9, Meurs., 6, Bibl. Patr.), of whose place Assuming this identity, we may place his elevation
of abode and manner of life he gives a description to the episcopacy in A. D. 400, in which year he was
(ibid.). From Nitria he proceeded fstrther into the present in a synod held by Chrysostom at Conwilderness, to the district of the cells, where he stantinople, and was sent into Proconsular Asia to
arrived the year after the death of -Macarius the procure evidence on a charge against the bishop of
Egyptian, which occurred in A. D. 390 or 391. Ephesus. (Pallad. Dial. de Vita S. Joan. Clirys.
[MAcARIus, No. 1.] Here he remained nine p. 131.) The deposition of Chrysostom involved
years, three of which he spent as the companion Palladius also in troubles, to which, as we have
of Macarius the younger, the Alexandrian [MACA- seen, he refers in his Lausiac History. Chrysostosm,
RIuS, No. 2], and was for a time the companion in his exile, wrote to "' Palladius the bishop"
and disciple of Evagrius of Pontus [EVAGRIUS, (Epislol. cxiii. Opera, vol. iii. p. 655, ed. Benedictin.,
No. 4]; who was charged with entertaining Ori- p. 790, ed. Bened. secund. Paris, 1838, &c.), exgenistic opinions. [ORIGENES.] How long he re- horting him to continue in prayer, for which his semained with Evagrius is not known (c. 21, 22, 29, clusion gave him opportunity; and from this notice
Meurs., c. 19, 20, 29, Bibl. Pair.). But he did not we could derive, if needful, a farther proof of the
confine himself to one spot: he visited cities, or identity of the two Palladii, since the historian, as
villages, or deserts, for the purpose of conversing we have seen, speaks of his concealment for " eleven
with men of eminent holiness, and his history months in a gloomy cell."
bears incidental testimony to the extent of his Fearful of the violence of his enemies, Palladius
travels. The Thebaid or Upper Egypt, as far as of Helenopolis fled to Rome (Dialog. de Vitas
Tabenna [PACHOMIus], and Syene, Lybia, Syria, S. Clirysost. c. 3. p. 26, and Ji-st. Lausiac, c. 121,
Palestine, Mesopotamia, and even Rome and Cam- Bibl. -Pair.) in A. D. 405; and it was probably
pania, and as he vaguely and boastfully states, the at Rome that he received the letter of encouragewhole Roman empire, were visited by him, and ment addressed to him and the other fugitive
that almost entirely on foot (c. 2, Meurs., Pr ooem. bishops, Cyriacus of Synnada, Alysius, or Eulysius
in Bibl. Patr. pp. 897, 898). of the Bithynian Apameia, and Demetrius of
In consequence of severe illness, Palladius was Pessinus. (Chrys. Epistol. cxlviii. Opera, vol. iii.
sent by the other solitaries to Alexandria, and p. 686, ed. Benedictin., p. 827, ed. Benedict. sefrom that city, by the advice of his physicians, he cund.) It was probably at this time that Palladius
went to Palestine, and from thence into Bithynia, became acquainted with the monks of Rome and
where, as he somewhat mysteriously adds, either Campania. When some bishops and presbyters
by human desire or the will of God, he was or- of Italy were delegated by the Western emperor
dained bishop. He gives neither the date of his Honorius, the pope, Innocentius I. [INNOCENTIUS],
appointment nor the name of his bishopric, but and the bishops of the Western Church generally,
intimates that it was the occasion of great trouble to protest to the Eastern emperor Arcadius against
to him, so that, " while hidden for eleven months the banishment of Chrysostom, and to demand the
in a gloomy cell," he remembered a prophecy of assembling of a new council in his case, Palladius
the holy recluse, Joannes of Lycopolis, who, three and his fellow-exiles returned into the East, appayears before Palladius was taken ill and sent to rently as members of the delegation. But their
Alexandria, had foretold both his elevation to the return was ill-timed and unfortunate: they were
episcopacy and his consequent troubles. As he arrested on approaching Constantinople, and both
was present with Evagrius of Pontus, about the delegates and exiles were confined at Athyra in
time of his death (c. 86, Bibl. Patr.), which pro- Thrace; and then the four returning fugitives were
bably occurred in A. D. 399 [EvAtmIus, No. 4], banished to separate and distant places, Palladius
he could not have left Egypt till that year, nor can to the extremity of Upper Egypt, in the vicinity