A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1026 THEMISTOCLES. THEMISTOCLES.
have been since published, by IT. Stephalls, whose others call her Euterpe, and say that she was a
edition contains thirteen of them, Paris, 156'2, 8vo.; Carian; and Neanthes adds that she was of Haliby G. Remus, who reprinted, with a Lation version, carnassus. As his mother was not an Athenian,
only the six orations which Stephanus had pub- Themistocles belonged to the class of nothi. (Plut.
lished for the first time, and a seventh in Latin Tleomist. 1, compare Pericl. c. 37.) Themistocles
only, Amberg, 1605, 4to.; by Petavius, who was born about B. c. 514 as it is conjectured. In
printed sixteen, in Greek and Latin, fifteen of his youth he had an impetuous character; he diswhich had been hitherto ascribed to Synesius, played great intellectual power combined with a lofty
besides a seventeenth, which is only extant in ambition and desire of political distinction. In his
Latin, but of which Petavius gives also a Greek hours of relaxation he did not join in the ordinary
version by himself, Paris, 1613, 8vo.; by P. Panti- amusements of the boys, but he practised himself
nus, who printed a few orations not before edited, in making speeches on imaginary subjects. His
1614, 8vo.; by Petavius again, who inserted in master used to say to him " My boy, you will not
this second edition all the orations which had as be any thing little, but certainly something great,
yet appeared, to the number of nineteen, in Greek good or bad." He had not much taste for the usual
and Latin, several of the Latin versions being new, branches of learning and for accomplishments, but
with fuller notes than in his first edition, Paris, be showed a decided liking for all studies which
1618, 4to.; and by Harduin, who first published strengthened the understanding and had a practical
the whole thirtyvthree orations, with the versions object. There is a story that his father who saw
and notes of Petavius and his own, Paris, 1684, his ambitious turn of mind, wishing to divert him
fol. Besides these thirty-three orations, another, from a political career, pointed out to him some
hitherto unknown, against certain persons who had old gallies thrown on the shore and neglected, and
attacked Themistius for accepting the prefecture of he told him that this was the way that " the many"
the city, was discovered at Milan by Cardinal Mai, treated popular leaders, when they were no longer
as mentioned above, and published by him, in of any use. The remark, though true, did not keep
Greek and Latin, in 1816, 8vo., together with a Themistocles from his course, nor will it keep
newly-discovered fragment of the second oration, others.
and two supplements to the nineteenth and twenty- The ambition of Themistocles was to be the first
third. Dindorf also founded upon the Milan MS. man in Athens, and he began his career by setting
a new edition, first of two of the orations, Lips. himself in opposition to those who had most power,
1830, 8vo., and afterwards of them all, Lips. 1832, among whom Aristides was the chief. We cannot
8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 790, foll.; infer from the words of Plutarch (c. 3) whether
Clinton, Fasti Romanozi, under the several dates Themistocles was in the battle of Marathon (B. c.
given in this article; Hoffmann, Lexicon Biliograph. 490) or not; bust if he was born so early as B.C. 514,
Script. Graec. s. v.) he must have been old enough for military service
The Greek Anthology contains one epigram in B.C. 490. The fame which Miltiades acquired
ascribed to Theimistius, on the subject, according to by his generalship at Marathon made a deep imthe superscription in the Aldine edition, of his own pression on Themistocles; he became thoughtful,
appointment to the prefecture of the city by Julian. and avoided his usual company; and in reply to
It would seem, however, that there is a mistake the remarks of his friends on the change in his
respecting both the author and the subject of this habits, he said, that the trophy of Miltiades would
epigram. In the Palatine MS. it is ascribed to not let him sleep. Others thought that the victory
Palladius, and it is quite in his style. The subject of Marathon had terminated the Persian war; but
is explained by Maio. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. Themistocles foresaw that it was only the beginning
404; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 112, vol. x. of a greater struggle, and it was his policy to
p. 1 91, vol. xiii. p. 957; Maio, ad Orat. xxxiv. p. prepare Athens for it.
458, p. 471, ed. Dindorf.) His rival Aristides was ostracized in B. C. 483,
2. There was another Greek writer of this name, to which event Themistocles contributed; and from
who lived nmuch later, and was the founder of the this time he was the political leader in Athens.
sect of the Ayznoetac, who were so called from their In B. C. 481 he was Archon Eponymus. The
asserting that Christ's knowledge was not perfect. chronology of the early part of the life of ThemisThe little that is known of him is not worth men- tocles is uncertain. It was perhaps before his
tioning here. (See Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. archonship, or it may have been in that year that
794.) - [P. S.] he persuaded the Athenians to employ the produce
THEMISTO (OELuo'rC6). 1. A daughter of of the silver mines of Laurium in building ships,
Nereus and Doris. (Hes; Thcoq. 261.) instead of distributing it among the Athenian
2. A daughter of the Lapithe Hypseus, and the citizens. (Herod. vii. 144; Plot. Thlemist. c. 4.) The
wife of Athamas. (Apollod. i. 9. ~ 2; Athen. xiii. motive which he suggested was that the fleet of
p. 560; comp. ATHAMAS.) Athens should be made a match for that of Aegina,
3. The mother of Aircas, who is commonly called with which state Athens was then at war; but his
Callisto, and by some Megisto. (Steph. Byz. s. v. real object was to prepare Athens against a future'Apces; Eustath. ad Horm. p. 300; Hygin. Poet. attack from the Persians. It was the policy of
Astr. ii. 1.) Themistocles to draw the Athenians to the sea, as
4. Of Cyprus, was said by some to be the he was convinced that it was only by their fleet
mother of Homer. (Paus. x. 24. 3.) [L. S.] that Athens could repel the Persians and obtain
THEMISTOCLEIA. [ARIsToCLEIA.] the supremacy in Greece. The number of ships
THEMI'STOCLES (O~eueoromcICAs), was the son which were built at the suggestion of Themistocles
of Neocles, not one of the most distinguished among was two hundred, according to Herodotus; and
the Athenians, though he was allied to the Lyco- they were not employed against Aegina, with
medae. The name of his mother wips Abrotonon, a which state Athens made peace, but against the
Thracian woman, according to some authors, but Persians; and thus, as Plutarch remarks, the policy