A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MAXIMIJS. MAXIMTUS. 989
some others, were sent to him apparently to get his history; and the works are in some cases achilu to renounce his opposition to the Monothelites. cornpanied by ancient anonymous Greek scholia,
Blows, kicks, and spitting, were resorted to by the as well as by the notes of the learned editor. This
messengers and their servants; but in vain; nothing' edition is not complete: a third volume was in
could shake his firmness. He was brought back preparation by Combefis at the time of his death,
after some time to Constantinople, and subjected to A. D. 1679; but no successor undertook to cornstill greater severities. He was severely scourged; plete the unfinished labour.
and the two Anastasii, who had been also brought The works are too numerous, and many of them
back to the city, were similarly treated, apparently too unimportant for distinct notice. The following
in his presence. They were then all remanded to are the most important:-I. IIpcas OaAdhcoLov "d-v
prison, but were brought out again in a few days, dol'craroev rpeoE-fvT-epoe Kal'yov'IeAvov 7crepe 8lawhen their tongues were cut out, their right hands edp'wv a7ropwv pr rs &efas ~ypaprls, Ad Sanctissimumn
cut off, and they were again sent into exile. Max- Presbyterum ac Praepositum Thalassium, de variis
imnus, from age and the effects of his tortures, was Scripturae Sacrae Quaestionibus ace Dulbis. This
scarcely able to hear the journey. They were con- is the work already noticed as severely criticised
fined in separate places in the Caucasus; where in respect of style by Photius': it contains the soluMaximus and one of the Anastasii soon died from tion of sixty-five scriptural difficulties, and is acthe effects of their sufferings, A. D. 662. Anastasius companied by the Schlolia of an anonymous comApocrisiarius survived, and his recital of their suf- mentator, apparently of the close of the eleventh
ferings is one of the authorities employed for this or beginning of the twelfth century. 2. Ers r)v
article. Various miraculous circumstances were 7rpooevX)i -o rIdTrep'pucv'rpos Tlva LAdhJploev
reported to have attended the sufferings of these Epyesveia 0v-'rostos, Orationis Donminicae brevis
unhappy men. (Els Tde Bfov, c. T. A., In Vitam Expositio, ad q~uendam Clhristo devotumn. 3. Adac Certamen S. Patris nostri ac Confessoris Max- /yos dKCqrTicT tca'd revaul' ical drdicKpfVlP, Liber
imi, published by Combfefis in his edition of the ad Pietatem exercens per; Interrogationemn et Reworks of Maximus. This biography is not by sponsionem. This piece had been published by Fl.
Anastasius Apocrisiarius, as Fabricius has erro- Nobilius, with some small pieces of Chrysostom
neouslyv stated (Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 635, and vol. and Basil, Rome, 1578. 4. Keq)dhaia 7repl dyd7rls,
x. p. 291); but Combefis has subjoined some other Capita de Ctharitate. This work, to which an
ancient documents, including the narrative of ancient Greek writer has added Scholia, was pubAnastasius Apocrisiarius, already noticed, and has lished by Vicentius Opsopoeus (who ascribed the
added some valuable notes. Theophan. Chronog. work to Maximus of Turin), with a Latin version,
pp. 275, 276, 288, ed. Paris, pp. 219, 229. ed. 8vo. Haguenau, 1531, and was repeatedly reVenice, vol. i. p. 509, 510, 530, 531, ed. Bonn; printed in the course of the same century; and a
Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 645, vol. i. p. 585; Fa- Latin version was given in most of the editions of
bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 635; Bolland. Acta the Bibliotheca Patrum. 5. rlept OohoAyias ical
Sanctor. August. vol. iii. p. 97, &c.) js &OeedpKov ohcovoeYO as -oTr vio 0soeo a', Ad TheoMaximus is reverenced as a saint both by the logiam Deiq2lue Filii in Carze Dispensationera specGreek and Latin churches; by the former his tantia Capita Ducenta. 6. Kipcdhata 8cdpopa
memory is celebrated on the 21st of January, and &eooylKo TE KE oiKUvoMLKd, ical WrfEP apea'-rs ia
the 12th and 13th August; by the latter on the iKaKas, Diversa Capita ad Theologiam et Oeco2o13th August. miam spectantia, deque Virtute aa Vitio, first pubThe writings of this father were in the middle lished by Joannes Picus. 8vo. Paris, 1560. 7.
ages held in the highest esteem, and possessed UEpI nis dayifa Tprados bdxoeyoe s', Dialogi
considerable authority. The more discriminating quinque de Sancta Trinitate. These are ascribed to
judgment of Photius has severely criticised the Maximus in several MSS., and by various ancient
style of his'A'rop+baTCra Sypa),pwc, Dubia S. Scrip- Greek writers who have cited them. Other
turae, or rather rpaLKWv a'roprlldva'-rcv Av'o-E, Du- writers have, however, ascribed them' to Athanabiorunm S. Scripturae Solutiones. He notices his sius, in some editions of whose works they conlong, spun-out sentences, his frequent transposi- sequently appear. The opinion of Gamier, that
tions and circumlocutions, and his metaphors, so they are the production of Theodoret, has been
carelessly and awkwardly employed as to render generally rejected; and the preponderance of evihis meaning often very obscure, and making' his dence seems to be decidedly in favour of the
works very wearisome to read. He charges him authorship of Maximus. 8. Mva-ra-ywyfa 7repl.
with wandering from his subject, and indulging in'rod'riov av ugoAa Ta KaTCd T71v dyav CKbICX1irrelevant and abstract speculations. Phbotius, how- lavy er! Tr's avvndFWCs TehoAueva KaOer'-71ce,.
ever, is less severe in criticising his other works, Mystagogia qua explicantur quorum Signa sint
and observes that all his writings in every part quae in Sacra Ecclesia peraguntur in Divina Syn.manifest the purity and earnestness of his piety. axn s. Collecta. This was published by David
(Phot. Bibl. Cod.. 192-195.) His orthodoxy on Hoe'schelius, Augsburg, 1599; and afterwards in
some points is questionable. the Auctarium of Ducaeus, vol. ii. fol. Paris, 1624.
Various of his pieces were published in the course 9. KespdAala hoaeOylKic, i-roL?EcAeoyal dIC baippwv
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, either I,31AX[wv CO''r E KWae' Has ial iri, 3paOev, Capita
separately or in the different collections of the T/leologica, id est scite dicta atque electda ex, Diwritings of the fathers, sometimes in the original, versis turn Christiasnorum turn Gentilium ac Prosometimes in a Latin version. The only consider- fanorum Lib, is; or more briefly, Sermones per
able collection of his' works is that of Comb6fis, Excepsta, or Loci Comrnmues. This selection of
S. MAlrmi Confessoris, Graecorusn Tlieoloqgi, ea sentences is arranged in seventy-one Aoyol, Serimiique Philosophi Opera, 2 vols. fol. Paris, 1675. mones, and has been repeatedly published. It first
An introduction contains the ancient biography of appeared, with the similar compilation of Antonius
Maximus, and some other ancient pieces relating to Melissa [ANTONIUS NO. 2], under the care of