A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MAXIMT' S. MAXIMUS. 987
iminus I., upon whose accession he became Caesar liscanils on the payment of a large sum of money
and Princeps Juventutis; and having accompanied On his return to Rome he celebrated a splendid
the emperor in the campaigns against the barba- triumph-according to:Livy, over the Samnites and
rians, he was subsequently styled Germeanices, Etruscans, and after the triumph of Papirius; acSarmnaticks, and Dacicus. It does not appear pro- cording to the Triumphal Fasti, over the Samnites
bable, however, that he was invested with the alone, and a month before the triumph of his coltribunician power or with the consulship, or that he league. Carvilius acquired great popularity by
was ever formally associated in the imperial dignity distributing a large part of the booty among the
with the title of Augustus, although such legends soldiers, which his colleague had not done:; but
as VICTORIA AUGUSTORUM and MAXIMINUS ET even after this distribution he paid into the treaMAXIMUS. AuGusTI. G.ERMANICI, are found upon sury 380,000 pounds of bronze, and applied the
medals. He was murdered, along with his father, remainder to the erection of a temple of Fors Forby the troops while besieging Aquileia, A. D. 238, tuna. With the bronze armour taken from the
at the age of eighteen, or, according to other au- Samnites -he made a colossal statue of Jupiter upon
thorities, twenty-one. From coins and inscriptions the Capitol, which was of such a:height that it
we are enabled to'pronounce with certainty that could be seen from the temple on the'Alban Mount;
his name was Maximus, and not Maximrinus, as and with the bronze which fell off in polishing this
Capitolinus would lead us to suppose. work he had his own statue cast, which was placed
This youth was equally celebrated for the sur- at the feet of the colossus. (Liv. x. 9, 39, 43-45;
passing beauty of his person, the elaborate finish 46; Zonar. viii. 1; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 7, s. 18;
of his dress, and:the excessive haughtiness of his Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 392, &c.) In
demeanour. He was, however, educated with the year after his consulship Carvilius was appointed
much care, was well acquainted with Greek and legate to the consul D. Junius Brutus, as the conLatin literature, and seems in many respects to suls of that year did not possess military experiencee
have had a good disposition. It is said that Alex- and had been elected in expectation of a state of
ander had at one time some thoughts of bestowing peace. (Zonar. 1. c.)
his sister, Theoclia, upon Maximus in marriage; In B. C. 272, Carvilius was elected consul a
and at a later period he was betrothed to Junia second time with his former colleague L. Papirius
Fadilla, a great-grand-daughter of Antoninus. Cursor, as the people, recollecting their former vic(Capitolinus, Maximin. jun.; Eckhel, vol. vii. p. tories, fully hoped that they would put an end to
291, 297; MAXIMINUS I.) [W. R.] the Samnite war before Pyrrhus could return again
to Italy. They did not disappoint the expectations
of the people, though of the details of the war we
have no information. They conquered the Samnites, Lucanians, Bruttians, and Tarentines, and
- ~5~ celebrated a triumph on account of their victories.
(Fasti Capit.; Zonar. viii. 6; Liv. Epit. 14;
Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome vol. iii. p. 524.) It must
be of this Sp. Carvilius that Velleius Paterculus (ii.
128) relates, that, though born of equestrian rank,
CO)IN OF MAXIMUS CAESAR. he arrived at the highest honours of the state, and
not of the consul of B. c. 234 [No. 2], as Orelli
MA'XIMUS, CAESO'NIUS, was banished supposes (Onom. Tull. vol. ii. p. 133).
from Italy by Nero on the detection of Piso's con- 2. SP. CARVILIUS, SP. F. C. N. MAXIMITS RUGA,
spiracy in A. D. 66. (Tac. Ann. xv. 72.) From son of No. 1, was consul, B. C. 234, with L. Posan epigram of Martial (vii. 44), addressed to one tumius Albjnus, and carried on war first against
Q. Ovidius, a friend of Caesonius Maximus, we the Corsicans and then against the Sardinians: aclearn that Maximus had been consul, and also that cording to the Fasti Capitolini he obtained a triumph
he was one of the friends of Seneca, which was no over the latter people. (Zonar. viii. 18.) He was
doubt the cause of his punishment. consul a second time in B. C. 228 with Q. Fabius
MA'XIMUS, CARVI'LIUS. 1. SP. CARVI- Maximus Verlucossus, in- which year, according to
LIUS C. F. C. N. MAXIMUS, was curule aedile B.C. Cicero (Cato, 4), he did not resist, like his colb
299, and consul B. C. 293, with L. Papirius Cursor. league, the agrarian law of the tribune C. Flami''Their consulship was distinguished by brilliant nius for the division of the lands in Cisalpine Gaul.
victories over the Samnites, who had made immense Polybius (ii. 21), however, places the agrarian law
-exertions to ensure success, and had penetrated of C. Flaminius four years earlier, in the: consulship'into Campania. Carvilius first took Amiternum, of M. Aemilius Lepidus, B. C. 232.
and then proceeded to assault Cominium, while his Carvilius is not mentioned again till the year of
colleague engaged with the great Samnite army, the fatal battle of Cannae, B. c. 216, when he pro;
the soldiers of which had devoted themselves to. posed, in order to fill up the numbers of the senate
conquest or death by the most solemn vows. After and to unite the Latin allies more closely to the
Papirius had gained a brilliant victory over this Romans in this their season of adversity, that the
army, Carvilius took Cominium, and then pro- vacancies inthe senate should be supplied byelecting
ceeded to attack Palumbinunm and Herculaneum, two senators from each one of the Latin tribes, but
both of which fell into his hands, although he had his propositioni was rejected with the utmost indig.
previously suffered a defeat from the Samnites near nation and contempt. He died in B.. c.'212, at
the latter town. After this Carvilius was called which time he was augur. (Liv. xxiii. 22, xxvi.
away into Etruria, where the Faliscans had broken 23.)
the peace. Here, too, he was successful; he took Carvilius is related to have been the first person
tlhe town of Troilium and five other fortified places, who divorced his wife, which he is said to have
defeated the enemy and granted peace to the Fa- done on the ground of barrenness, but his ~onduci