A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

986 MAXIMUS.; MAXIMUS.'
MA'XIMUS AEGIENSIS (d Ayltevs), of is not clear.. Taking advantage of the sickness of
Aegae in Cilicia, a writer contemporary with Apol- Gregory, and supported by some Egyptian ecclelonius of Tyana [APOLLONIus TYANAEUS], of siastics, sent by Peter, patriarch of Alexandria,
some of whose transactions he wrote an account, under whose directions they professed to act, Maxwhich was part of the materials employed by Phi- imus was ordained, during the night, patriarch of
lostratus [PHILOSTRATUS] in his biography of Constantinople, in the place of Gregory, whose
that philosopher. (Philostr. Apollon. Vit. i. 3; election had not been perfectly canonical. This auEuseb. In Hieroclem, c. 2, 3; Tzetzes, Chilias. II. dacious proceeding excited the greatest indignation
Hist. 60, vs. 974, Chilias. IX.-Hist. 291, vs. 865; among the people, with whom Gregory was popular.
Voss. De Hist. Graec. ii. 10.) [J. C. M.] Nor did the emperor Theodosius, then at ThessaMA'XIMUS ALEXANDRI'NUS,known also lonica, to whom the usurper applied, show them any
as the cynic philosopher (KvvuKsS prAdo-opos), was favour. Maximus therefore withdrew to Alexa native of Alexandria, the son of Christian parents andria, from which he was in a short time expelled
of rank, who had suffered on account of their religion; by his patron, Peter.. (Gregor. Nazian. Carmen
but whether from Pagan or Arian violence is not de Vita sua, vss. 750-1029.)
clear. Maximus united the faith of an orthodox be- The resignation of Gregory, who was succeeded
liever with the garb and deportment of a cynic philo- in the patriarchate of Constantinople by Nectarius,
sopher, and was held in great respect by the leading did not benefit Maximus. His election was detheologians of the orthodox party. Athanasius, in a clared null by the second general (first Constantiletter written about A. D. 371 (Epist. ad Maxim. nopolitan) council, and the presbyters whom he
PhMilosoph. Opp. vol. i. p. 917, &c. ed. Benedict.), had ordained were declared not to be presbyters.
pays him several compliments on a work written (Concil. CPolit. can. 3. sec. Dionys. Exiguum;
in defence of the orthodox faith. Tillemont and Capital. 6. sec. Isidor. Mercat.; apud Concil. vol.
the Benedictine editor of the works of Gregory i. col. 809, 810, ed. Hardouin.) He attempted even
Nazianzen (Monaitum ad Orat. xxv.), misled. by the after this to assert his claims to the patriarchate;
virulent invectives of that father, attempt to distin- but though the Italian bishops for a while seemed
guish between our Maximus and the one to whom disposed to support him, he met with no success.
Athanasius wrote, on the ground that Athanasius The invectives of Gregory Nazianzen against
could never have spoken so well of so worthless a Maximus (C6armina, sc. De Vita sua, 1. c.;' In
character. They also distinguish, him from the Invidos, vs. 16, &c.; In Manmum) were written
Maximus to whom Basil the Great addressed a after their struggle for the patriarchate, and conletter (Ep. 41, editt. vett. 9, ed. Benedict. vol. iii. trast singularly with the praises of his twenty-fifth
p. 90, ejusd. edit. p.' 127, ed. Benedict. alterae, Oration, to which some of Gregory's admirers, to
Paris, 1839) in terms of the highest respect, dis- conceal the inconsistency, prefixed the name of
cussing some doctrinal questions, and soliciting a Heron or Hero, Els'Hp6Ya, In Laudem Heronis
visit from him; but they are not successful in (Hieron. De Viris Illustr. 1. c.), which it still
either case. However, the Maximus Scholasticus, bears. The work of Maximus, De Fide, which is
to whom Basil also wrote (RJp. 42, editt. vett. 277, well spoken of by Jerorme, is lost.'(Athanas.,
ed. Benedict.), was a different person. In A. D. 374, Basil., Gregor. Nazianz., Hieronym. 1l. cc.; Sozoduring the reign of the emperor Valens, in the per-. men, H. E. vii. 9. cum not. Vales.; Tillemont,
secution carried on by Lucius, Arian patriarch of Mlezmoires, vol. ix. p. 443, &c.; Cave, Hist. Litt.
Alexandria [Lucius, No. 2], Maximus was cruelly ad ann. 330, vol. i. p. 276, ed. Oxford, 1740-42;
scourged, and banished to the Oasis, on account of Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 520.) [J. C. M.]
his zeal for orthodoxy and the promptitude with MA'XIMUS, L. A'PPIUS, a distinguished
which he succoured those who suffered in the same Roman general in the reigns of Domitian and Tracause (Gregor. Nazianz. Orat. xxv. c. 13, 14). jan. In. A. D..91 Maximus quelled the revolt of
He obtained his release in about four years (Ib.), Antonius in Germany, and at the same time had
probably on -the death of Valens; and it was the magnanimity to burn all the letters of the
perhaps soon after his release that he presented to latter, that they might not expose others to the
the emperor Gratian at Mediolanum (Milan), his vengeance of Domitian. In A. D. 101 he fought
work Ifepl tr s 7rGrEws, De Fide, written against with success under Trajan in the Dacian war against
the Arians (comp. Hieron. De Viris Illustr. c. 127). Decebalus. In A. D. 115 he was one of Trajan's
Tillemont, however, thinks that the work was pre- generals in the Parthian war; but here his good
sented to the emperor when Maximus was in Italy, fortune failed him, for he was defeated and perished
A. D.- 382, after the council of Constantinople. in this year. We learn from the Fasti that he
He wrote also against other.heretics, but whether was consul in A.D. 103. (Dion Cass. lxvii. 11in the same work or in another is not'clear (Greg. lxviii. 9, 30 ) There is some doubt about the
Naz. ib.); and disputed ably against the heathens exact form of his name. Dion Cassius names him
(Ib.). Apparently on his return from Milan he simply L. Maximus; but Domitian, in a letter
visited Constantinople, where Gregory Nazianzen contained among those of Pliny (x. 66), and the
had just been appointed to the patriarchate (A. D. Fasti call him L. Appius Maximus, which is the
379). Gregory received him with the highest form we have adopted. But Martial (ix. 85), and
honour; and pronounced an oration in his praise Aurelius Victor (Epit. 11. ~ 10), give to the con(Orat. xxv.), compared with which the sober queror of Antonius the name of Appius Norbanus.
commendations of.Athanasius and' Basil are cold These statements can only be reconciled by supand tame. He received him at his table, and posing that his full name was L. Appius Maximus
treated him with the greatest confidence and Norbanus.
regard. He was, however, grievously disappointed MA'XIMUS BYZA'NTIUS. [MAXIM vs
in him. Whether the events which followed were EPIROTA.]
the results solely of the ambition of Maximus, MA'XIMUS CAESAR, whose full name was
or whether Maximus was himself the tool of others, C. JULIUS VERUS MAxIMuvs, was the son of Max