A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

-978 MAURICIUS. MAUSOLUS.
carrying the news of the revolt to the emperor in involved in the wholesale murder of the imperial
Constantinople. There the green faction assumed family. Maurice is said to have loved money too
a threatening attitude, and information having much; but he was so far from oppressing his subreached them that Phocas was marching upon jects from taxes, that, on the contrary, he lowered
Constantinople, such a commotion arose in the them considerably; on one occasion: he took off
capital, that Maurice thought it best to fly into the one-third of the land-tax. Arts:and sciences were
provinces, and there to prepare for resistance. He protected by this great emperor, who possessed
effected his escape by sea, together with his wife considerable learning. Maurice wrote twelve books
and children. A storm compelled him to land near oln the military art, which have fortunately come
the church of St. Autonohnus, not far from Chal- down to posterity. They are entitled i-Tpar-yleccd,
cedon. Thence he despatched his eldest son and were published with a Latin version, together
Theodosius to the court of Chosroes, to implore with Arrian's " Tactica," by John Scheffer, Upsala,
him to confer the same favour upon the emperor 1664, 8vo. The text contains 382 half pages, and
which the emperor had once conferred upon the the version as much; the editor added 157 pages
king. Maurice with his family took sanctuary in of notes, and a few pages with very curious reprethe church of St. Autonomus: he Was tortured by sentations of the different battle arrays spoken of
sufferings of body and despair of mind. During in the work. (Theophylact. Simocatta, Vita Mauthis time Phocas arrived in Constantinople, and ricii; Evagr. lib. v. vi.; Theoph. p. 213, &c.;
was proclaimed emperor on the 23d of November, Cedren. p. 394, &c.; Zonar. vol. ii. p. 70, &c.;
602. He immediately sent executioners in search Menander, p. 124, &c.; Niceph. Call. xviii. 5,
of Maurice, who was dragged with his family from &c.) [W. P.]
the sanctuary to the scaffold. Five of his sons,
Tiberius, Petrus, Paulus, Justin, and Justinian,
had their heads cut off while their father stood by;
praying, but not trembling, awaiting the fatal
stroke in his turn. He was murdered on the 27th
of November, 602; his eldest son Theodosius,
who had not proceeded far on his way to Persia,
was arrested, and shared his fate soon afterwards.
The empress and three of her daughters were
thrown into prison, but in 605, or perhaps 607, COIN OF MAURICIUS.
they were likewise put to death, and their bodies
thrown into the sea. The heads of Maurice and MAU'RICUS, JU'NIUS, called in some manuhis sons were carried on pikes to Phocas, who, scripts both of Tacitus and Pliny Maricus, was an
after having enjoyed the sight for some time, gave intimate friend of Pliny, who says (Ep. iv. 22) of
orders for the execution of Petrus, the, brother of him, " quo viro nihil firmius, nihil verius." MauMaurice, Comentiolus, Constantine Lardys, and a ricus showed his independence by the question
great number of other persons of distinction. which he dared to ask Domitian in the senate, at
E[PHOCAS.] the accession of Vespasian, A. D. 70 (Tac. Hist. iv.
Among the papers of the murdered-emperor was 40), which is the first time that his name is menfound his will, which he had made in the fifteenth tioned; and it is therefore not surprising that he
year of his reign (597), and by which he left was banished during the reign of Domitian. He
Constantinople and the East to Theodosius; Rome, was recalled from exile by Nerva, and an anecdote
Italy and the Islands, to his second son Tiberius. related by Pliny (Ep. 1. c.) and Aurelius Victor
Maurice was indeed preparing for wresting Italy (Lpit. 12) shows with what freedom he spoke to
from the Lombards, and might have carried, his the latter emperor. (Tac. Agric. 45; Plin. Ep. i.
plan into execution, but for the great wars 5, ~ 10, iii. 11, ~ 3.) Mauricus was the brother of
against the Persians and the Avars. Although Arulenus Rusticus (Plin..Ep. i. 14). [RusTICus.]
greater as a general than as a king, Maurice was Three of Pliny's epistles are addressed to Mauricus
yet one of the best emperors of the East. Con- (i. 14, ii. 18, vi. 14).
stantly active, he knew no other pleasure than that MAU'ROPUS, JOANNES. [JOANNES, No.
which arises from doing one's duty; he was firm 58.]
without being obstinate, bold yet prudent, and MAUSO'LUS (MacowhAos or Mav'awAor, the
both severe or forbearing according to circumstances. latter form is that found on his coins), king or
He was completely master of his passions and dynast of Caria, was the eldest son of Hecatomnus,
appetites, sober to the extreme, a loving and whom he succeeded in the sovereignty. If the
virtuous husband and father, and full of filial chronology of Diodorus be correct,. his accession
piety. No sooner was he informed of the intentions may be placed in B. C. 377. But the first occasion
of the emperor Tiberius towards him,. than he en- on which he appears in history is not till long
treated his father Paulus and his mother Joanna to afterwards, in B. C. 362, when he took part in the
come to Constantinople, and they were both present general revolt of the satraps against Artaxerxes
at his marriage with the princess Constantina. Mnemon. (Diod. xv. 90.) He is said to have at
They continued to live at his court, and his father that time already possessed several strong fortresses
became one of his most influential ministers: the and flourishing cities, of which his capital, Halifame of Paulus as a wise and well-disposed man carnassus, was the most conspicuous; but he apspread abroad, and the views of Maurice upon pears to have availed himself of the opportunity of.
Italy being likely to lead to either an alliance or a that war to extend his dominions by conquest,
war with the Franks in Gaul, their king Childebert having overrun great part of Lydia and Ionia as
wrote a letter to Paulus on that subject, which is far as Miletus, and made himself master of several
given in Hist. Francor. vol. i. p. 869. A natural of the neighbouring islands. (Lucian. Dial. 1rort.
and timely death in 593 saved Paulus from being xxiv.; and comp. Polyaen. vii. 23. ~ 2.) Ilis