A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MASCAMES. MASINISSA. 967
himself to the conqueror, along with his patron, him with annual presents, as a reward for his
whose fate he shared towards thr. end of A. D. 323. faithful service,- a mark of approbation which
A rare coin in third brass is found in some collec- Artaxerxes continued to his descendants. (Herod.
tions bearing the legend D. N. MARTINIANUS P. F. vii. 105, 106.) [E. E.]
AUG., which would indicate that he was created MA.SCEZEL. [GILDo.]
Azugustus; and this conclusion might be drawn MA'SGABA, a Numidian, son of Masinissa,
from the words of Victor. (De Caes. 41.) [Comin- was sent to Rome by his father as ambassador in
pare VALENS, AURELIUS VALERIUJS.] (Eweerpta Bc. 168. He was received with the utmost disVales. 25, 28, 29; Victor, de Caes. 41, Epit. 41; tinction, one of the quaestors being sent to meet
Zosim. ii. 25, 26, 28.) [W. R.] him at Puteoli, and attend him from thence to
MARTI'NUS, bishop of Tours, hence desig- Rome. (Liv. xlv. 13, 14.) [E. H. B.]
nated Turonensis, was born in Pannonia, about MASINISSA (MaoeaavCoavos), king of the
the year 316, was educated at Pavia, and in the Numidians, celebrated for the conspicuous part he
early part of his life served as a soldier, first under bore in the wars between the Romans and CarConstantine, afterwards under Julian. While yet thaginians. He was the son of Gala, king of the
in the army he embraced the true faith; and after Massylians, the easternmost of the two great tribes
he had obtained his discharge, attached himself into which the Numidians were at that time diclosely to Hilarius of Poitiers, by whose advice he vided, but was brought up at Carthage,where he apreturned to his native country, for the purpose of pears to have received an education superior to that
converting his kindred. During the sway of Con- usualamonghiscountrymen. (Liv. xxiv.49;Appian,
stantine he was exposed to bitter persecution from Pun. 10, 37.) He was still quitea young man*, but
the Arians, whose doctrines he steadfastly assailed; had already given proofs of great ability and energy
but after this storm had in some measure passed of character, when in B.C. 213 the Carthaginians
away from the church, he returned to Gaul; and persuaded Gala to declare war against Syphax,
about 360 again sought the society of Hilarius, and king of the neighbouring tribe of the Massaesylians,
founded a monastery. From thence he was reluc- who had lately entered into an alliance with Rome.
tantly dragged in 371, to occupy the see of Tours, Masinissa Was appointed by his father to command
and speedily attained such celebrity on account of the invading force, with which he attacked and
his sanctity and power of working miracles, that, totally defeated Syphax, whom he drove to take
to avoid the multitudes attracted by his fame, he refuge in Mauritania, and following him thither
sought refuge in a neighbouring monastery; and carried on the war with unabated vigour, so as
over this he presided until his death, which took effectually to prevent him from crossing into Spain
place in his eightieth year, towards the very close to the assistance of the Romans in that country.
of the fourth century. We possess a life of thesaint (Liv. xxiv. 49.) Of the farther progress of this
written by Sulpicius Severus, filled with the most war in Africa we hear nothing; but the next year
puerile fables, from which we gather that he was a (B. C. 212) we find Masinissa in Spain, supporting
man totally devoid of mental culture, whose wild the Carthaginian generals there with a large body.
fanaticism and austerities seriously affected his of Numidian horse; and it appears probable that,
reason; and that, although an object of awe and though only occasionally mentioned, he continued
reverence to the crowd, sober-minded persons to hold the same post during the subsequent years
considered his sordid apparel, dishevelled hair, and of the war in that country. In 210, indeed, he is
beggarly aspect, as unbecoming in a Christian mentioned as being at Carthage, but apparently
dignitary. Under the name of Martinus we possess only for the purpose of obtaining reinforcements
a very short Confessio Fidei de Sancta Trinitate for the army in Spain, in which country we again
the authenticity of which is doubtful. It will be find him in the following year (209), at the time
found in almost all the large collections of fathers that Hasdrubal set out on his march into Italy.
and councils, and under its best'form in Galland, In 206 he is mentioned as present at Silpia, where
vol. vii. p. 599; Proleg. c. xviii. p. xxvi. (Schiine- he shared with Hasdrubal, Gisco, and Mago in
mann, Biblioth. Patr. Lat. vol. i. ~ 19.) [W. R.] their total defeat by Scipio. (Liv. xxv. 34, xxvii.
MARULLUS, C. EPI'DIUS, tribune of the 5, 20, xxviii. 13; Polyb. xi. 21; Appian, Hisp.
plebs, B. C. 44, removed, in conjunction with his 25, 27.) But the reverse then sustained by the
colleague L. Caesetius Flavus, the diadem which Carthaginian arms proved too much for the fidelity
had been placed upon the statue of C. Julius Caesar, of Masinissa: shortly after the battle he made
and attempted to bring to trial the persons who secret overtures to Silanus, the lieutenant of Scipio,
had saluted the dictator as king. Caesar, in con- which, however, led to no immediate result, the
sequence, deprived, him of the tribunate, by help Numidian chief being desirous to treat with Scipio
of the tribune Helvius Cinna, and expelled him in person, an opportunity for which did not for
from the senate. (Dion Cass. xliv. 9, 10; Appian, some time present itself. At length, however, the
B. C. ii. 108, 122; Plut. Caes. 61; Vell. Pat. ii. desired interview took place, and Masinissa pledged
68; Suet. Caes. 79, 80; Cic. Philipp. xiii. 15.) himself to support the Romans with all the forces
MARULLUS, JUTNIUS, mentioned by Taci- at his command as soon as they should carry an
tus (Ann. xiv. 48), as consul. designatus in A. D. army into Africa. (Liv. xxviii. 16, 35.) In ad62, must have been one of the consules suffecti in
that year, though his name does not occur in the * Livy indeed states (xxiv. 49) that he was at
Fasti. (Pighius, Annal. vol. iii. p. 595.) this time only seventeen years old; but this is
MASCAMES (MaOcKaqus), a Persian, son of inconsistent with the statement of Polybius (xxxvii.
Megadostes or Megalostes, was made by Xerxes 3), which is followed by Livy himself in another
governor of'Doriscus in Thrace, which he kept passage (Epit. I.), that Masinissawas ninety years
with great vigour and fidelity, defying all the old at the time of his death, B. C. 148. According
efforts of the Greeks, after the failure of the Per- to this account, he would be at this time about
sian expedition, to expel him. Xerxes honoured twenty-five years of age.
3 4