A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

964 MARTIALIS. MARTIALIS.
the younger Marsyas are fully discussed, and the found by comparing these with the references in
extant fragments of their works collected, by Geier, Palladius to Martialis, that they must actually be
Alecandri 1f. Historiar. Scriptores aetate suppares, regarded as a portion of his essay De Hortis. The
Lips. 1844, pp. 318-340. (See also Droysen, remains themselves, together with a full account
Hellenism. vol. i. pp. 679-682; Bernhardy, ad of the Codex Rescriptus to which they belong,
Suid. s. v. Mapvars.) [E. H. B.] are included in the first volume of the Classici
MARTHA. [MARIus, p. 963, b.] Auctores e Vaticanis Codicibus editi, 8vo. Rom.
MA'RTIA and MA'RTIUS. [MARCIA; 1828. Nor was this all. Not long afterwards,
MARCIUS.] the same scholar detected among the treasures of
MARTIA'LIS (MapriaALov), a physician and the Vatican, two MSS., one of the tenth, the
anatomist at Rome, who was born about the year other of the twelfth century, containing tracts upon
95 after Christ. Galen became personally ac- medical subjects, in both of which was a section
quainted with him during his first visit to Rome, headed INCIPIT LIB.R TERTIUS. DE POMIS.
about A. D. 165, and speaks of him as an envious MARTIALIS, on the sanatory properties of various
and quarrelsome person. He was a follower or fruits, and in this the details with regard to the
admirer.of Erasistratus, and wrote some anatomi- virtues of quinces were found to correspond almost
cal works, which were in great repute for some verbatim with the remarks in the Neapolitan MS.,
years after his death (Galen, De Libris Propriis, c. thus removing the last shade of doubt with regard
1, vol. xix. p. 13). He is probably the same per- to the author. Whether, however, Gargilius Marson as the physician named Marcianus, though it is tialis the historian, Gargilius Martialis the hortinot quite certain which name is correct. [W. A. G.] culturist, and Gargilius Martialis the veterinarian,
MARTIA'LIS, CORNE'LIUS, was deprived are all, or any two of them, the same, or all
of his rank as tribune, apparently in the praeto- different personages, must in the absence of satisrian guards, on the detection of Piso's conspiracy factory evidence be considered as still an open
against Nero, in A, D. 66. He afterwards served question. (Mai published the Vatican fragment
in the army of Flavius Sabinus against the troops in the third volume of the collection named above
of Vitellius, and perished in the burning of the (Rom. 1831), and the whole three pieces were
Capitol, A. D. 69. (Tac. Annl. xv. 71, Hist. iii. 70, 73.) printed together in Germany, under the title " GarMARTIA'LIS, GARGI'LIUS, is quoted as an gilii Martialis Gargilii quae supersunt. Editio in
authority for the private life and habits of Alex- Germania prima. Lunaeburgi, 1832.") [W. R.]
ander Severus (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 37), with MARTIA'LIS, JU'LIUS, an evocatus, who,
whom he seems to have been contemporary, and is from private pique, joined the conspiracy against
classed by Vopiscus (Prob. 2) along with Marius Caracalla.:- Having seized a convenient opportunity,
Maximus, Suetonius Tranquillus, Julius Capito- he stabbed the emperor while on a journey from
linus. and Aelius Lampridius, historians of the Edessa to Carrhae, and was himself slain upon the
second class, who recorded the truth, but without spot by one of the Scythian guards. The senate
eloquence or philosophy. testified warm gratitude to their deliverer, and
A short corrupt fragment on veterinary surgery, proposed to honour his memory by panegyrical
entitled " Curae Boum ex Corpore Gargilii Mar- orations and by statues. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 5, 18,
tialis," was transcribed under the inspection of comp. 8.) [W. R.]
Perizonius, at the request of Schoetgen, from a - MARTIA'LIS, M. VALE'RIUS, the epigramLeyden MS., and published -by Gesner in his matist. Whatever information we possess regard" Scriptores Rei Rusticae Veteres Latini" (2 vols. ing the personal history of this writer is derived
4to. Lips. 1735), vol. ii. p. 1170, but it is im- almost exclusively from his works; for although
possible to determine whether the compiler of this he often boasts of his own far-spread popularity,
tract, the antiquity of which has been doubted by and although Aelius Verus was wont to term him
critics, is the same person with the historian. The " his Virgil,"' he is not spoken of by any contemMS. from which it was printed was comparatively porary author except the younger Pliny, nor by
recent, bust had been copied from one of more any of those who followed after him, except Sparancient date, which once belonged to the monastery tianus, Lampridius, and perhaps Sidonius Apolliof Corvey on the Weser. (See Gesner, Praef. p. naris, until we reach the period of the grammarians,
xvii. and the dissertation of Schoetgen, p. xlii.) by whom he is frequently quoted. By collecting
In the Divine Lections of Cassiodorus (c. 28) we and comparing the incidental notices scattered
read "De hortis scripsit pulcherrime Gargilius through his pages, we are enabled to determine
Martialis, qui et nutrimenta olerum et virtutes that he was a native of Bilbilis in Spain, that he
eorum diligenter exposuit." This work is fre- was born upon the first of March, in the third
qusently quoted by Palladius (e. g. iv. tit. 9. ~ 9), year of Claudius, A. D. 43, that he came to Rome
but not by any older writer, although Servius (ad in the thirteenth year of Nero, A. D. 66, that after
Virg. Georg. iv. 147), speaks as if Virgil had dis- residing in the metropolis for a space of thirty-five
cerned him from afar with prophetic eye. No portion years, he again repaired to the place of his birth,
of it was known to exist until Angelo Mai in 1826 in the third year of Trajan, A.D. D. 100, and lived
discovered that a palimpsest in the royal library there for upwards of three years at least, on the
at Naples, which had originally belonged to the property of his wife, a lady named Marcella,
celebrated monastery of St. Columbanus at Bobbio, whom he seems to have married after his return to
and which was known to contain the grammarian the banks of the Salo, and to whose graces and
Charisius, fragments of Lucan, and some other mental charms he pays a warm tribute. His
pieces, all of which had been examined, contained death, which cannot have taken place before A. D.
also some chapters by a writer on rural affairs, 104, is mentioned by the younger Pliny, but we are
treating of quinces (De Cydoneis), peaches (De unable to fix the date of the epistle (iii. 20, al. 21)
Persicis), almonds (De Amygdalis), and chestnuts in which the event is recorded. His fame was ex(Do Castaneis). Upon closer investigation it was tended and his books were eagerly sought for, not