A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

950 MARIAMNE. MARIANUS.
taunted overbearingly with their inferiority of however, otherwise than she did towards such a
birth, excited his jealousy by accusing her of im- monster as Herod, was not to be expected, and
proper familiarity with Josephus; and his suspi- would have been inconsistent with the magnanicions were further roused when he found that she mity for which Josephus commends her. She was
was aware of the savage order he had given on his distinguished by a peculiar grace and dignity of
departure, for he thought that such a secret could demeanour, and her beauty was of the most fascinever have been betrayed by Josephus had she not nating kind. The praise given her by Josephus
admitted him to too close an intimacy. He was for chastity was doubtless well merited in general,
on the point of killing her in his fury, but was and entirely so as far as regards any overt act of
withheld by his fierce and selfish passion for her, sin. But some deduction, at least, must be made
— love we cannot call it,-and vented his revenge from it, if she countenanced her mother's conduct
on Josephus, whom he put to death, and on Alex-. in sending her portrait to Antony.
andra, whom he imprisoned. In B. c. 30, the year 2. Daughter of Simon, a priest at Jerusalem.
after the battle of Actium, Herod, aware of the Herod the Great was struck with her beauty and
danger in which he stood in consequence of his married her, B. C. 23, at the same time raising her
attachment to the cause of Antony, took the bold father to the high-priesthood, whence he deposed
step of going in person to Octavian at Rhodes, and Jesus, the son of Phabes, to make room for him.
proffering him the same friendship and fidelity In B. C. 5, Mariamne being accused of being privy
which he had shown to his rival. But, before his to the plot of ANTIPAT:ER and Pheroras against
departure, he resolved to secure the royal succession Herod's life, he put her away, deprived Simon of
in his own family, and he therefore put to death the high-priesthood, and erased from his will the
the aged Hyrcanus, and, having shut up Alexandra name of Herod Philip, whom she had borne him,
and Mariamne in the fortress of Alexandreium, and whom he. had intended as the successor to his
gave orders to Josephus and Soemus, two of his dominions after Antipater. (Jos. Ant. xv. 9, ~ 3,
dependants, to slay them if he did not come back xvii. 1, ~ 2, 4, ~ 2, xviii. 5, ~ 1, xix. 6, ~ 2, Bell.
in safety. During Herod's absence, this secret Jud. i. 28, ~ 2, 30, ~ 7.)
command was revealed by Soemus to Mariamne, 3. Wife of Archelaus, who was ethnarch of
who accordingly exhibited towards him, on his re- Judaea and son of Herod the Great.' Archelaus
turn, the most marked aversion, and on one occa- divorced her, and married Glaphyra, daughter of
sion went so far as to upbraid him with the murder Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, and widow of his
of her brother and father, or (as perhaps we should brother Alexander, (Jos. Ant. xvii. 13, ~ 4.)
rather read) her grandfather. So matters continued [ARCHELAUS, Vol. I. p. 261, b.]
for a year, the anger which Herod felt at her con- 4. Daughter of Josephus, the nephew of Herod
duct being further increased by the instigations of the Great, and Olympias, Herod's daughter. She
-his mother and sister. At length Salome suborned married Herod, king of Chalcis, by whom she bethe royal cup-bearer to state to his master that he came the mother of ARISTOBULUS [No. 6]. (Jos.
had been requested by Mariamne to administer to Ant. xviii. 5. ~ 4.)'
him in his wine a certain drug, represented by her 5. Daughter of Aristobulus [No. 4] by Bereas a love-potion. The king, in anger and alarm, nice, and sister to the infamous Herodias. [See
caused Mariamne's favourite chamberlain to be Vol. I. pp. 301, 483.] After the death of Arisexamined by torture, under which the man declared tobulus, Herod repented of his cruelty and strove
that the ground of her aversion to Herod was the to atone-for it by kindness to the children of his
information she had received from Soemus of his victim. He betrothed Mariamne, so called after
order for her death. Herod thereupon had Soemus her grandmother [No. 1], to the son of Antipater,
immediately executed and brought Mariamne to his eldest son by Doris; but Antipater prevailed
trial, entertaining the same suspicion as in the on him to alter this arrangement, and obtained
former case of -his uncle Josephus of an adulterous Mariamne in marriage for himself, while his son
connection between them. He appeared in person was united to the' daughter of Pheroras, Herod's
as her accuser, and the judges, thinking from his brother, who in the former arrangement had been
vehemence that nothing short of her death would assigned to the elder son of Alexander, brother of
satisfy him, passed sentence of condemnation Aristobulus. It is mere conjecture which would
against her. Herod, however, was still disposed identify this Mariamne with No. 3, supposing her
to spare her life, and to punish her by imprison- to have married Archelaus after the death of his
ment; but his mother and sister, by urging the brother Antipater. (Jos. Ant. xvii. 1, ~ 2, xviii.
great probability of an insurrection of the people in 5, ~ 4, Bell. Jud. i. 28; Noldius, de Vit. et Gest.
favour of an Asmonean princess, if known to be Herod. ~ 245.)
living in confinement, prevailed on him to order 6. Second daughter of Herod Agrippa I., by his
her execution, B.C. 29. (Jos. Ant. xiv. 12. ~ 1, wife Cypros, was ten years old when her father
15, ~ 14, xv. 2, 3, 6, ~ 5, 7, Bell. Jud. i. 12, ~ 3, died, in A. D. 44. She married Archelaus, son of
17, ~ 8, 22.) His grief and remorse for her death Helcias or Chelcias, to whom she had been bewere excessive, and threw him into a violent and trothed by Agrippa; but she afterwards divorced
dangerous fever. [HERODES, p. 426.] According him, and married Demetrius, a Jew of high rank
to the ordinary reading in Bell. Jud. i. 22, ~ 5, we and great wealth, and alabarch at Alexandria. (Ant.
should be led to suppose that Mariamne was put xviii. 5, ~ 4, xix. 9, ~ 1, xx. 7, ~~ 1, 3.) [E. E.]
to death on the former suspicion of adultery with MARIANDYINUS (MapmavsvvJs), a son of
Josephus; but there can be no doubt as to the text Phineus, Titius, or Phrixus, was the ancestral hero
in that place having been mutilated. For the of the Mariandynians in Bithynia. (Schol. ad
tower which Herod built at Jerusalem and called by.Apollon. ii. 723, 748.) It also occurs as a surher name, see Jos. Bell. Jud. ii. 17, ~ 8, v. 4, ~ 3. name of Bormus. (Aeschyl. Pers. 938; comp.
Mariamne's overbearing temper has been noticed BORMUS.) [L. S.]
above. That she should have deported herself, MARIA'NUS (Maplao's), a poet, was the son