A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

946 MARCUS. MARCUS.
Galland. Biblioth. Patrum. Proleg. ad Vol. V. c. Picus, in the 1st vol. of the Auctariusm of Ducaens,
14.) foL Paris, 1624, in the l1th vol. of the Bibl. Pa.9. Of EPHESUS. [EUGENIcUS, M.] trum, fol. Paris, 1654, and in the 8th vol. of the Bibl.
10. EREMITA or ANACHORETA ('AvaXwop71Ts, Patrum of Galland. Although the eight books as a
or ASCETA (6'ACKrnTrs), Or MONACHUS (Moea- whole, with the exception, as already noticed, of
X's), the MONK. Palladius in his Historia Lau- the Latin supplement of Zinus De Jejunio, first
siaca, c. 21, and, according to the Greek text, as appeared in 1563, the first and second books,
printed in the Biblioth. Patrum (vol. xiii. fol. Paris, namely, fIepl v4uov 7rvevjuaslrKov, De Lege Spirituali,
1654) in several passages of c. 20, has recorded and Ilepf'r& V' oioewv e, EYcII &w lKauovo0Oal, De
some anecdotes, of sufficiently marvellous character, his qui putant se Operibus justificari, had been pubof Marcus, an eminent Egyptian ascetic, who lived lished by Vincentius Opsopoeus, with a Latin
to a hundred years, and with whom Palladius had version, 8vo. Haguenau. 1531; and'the first book
conversed. This Marcus is noticed also by Sozomen of the text and the version had been reprinted in
(H. E. vi. 29). Palladius, however, does not the iMicropresbyticon, Basel, 1550, and in the Orthoascribe to this Marcus any writings; nor should doxographa, Basel, 1555. The work Eis rdv MEAhe be confounded, as he is even by Cave and Fa- XseNKfc, De Melchizedech, which formed the ninth
bricius, as well as by others, with Marcus, " the tract in the collection read by Photius, and the
much renowned ascetic," (d 7roAvOpv'Akyros dA:cq- Greek text of the flepl zvl'7eras, De Jejunio, were
rri, Niceph. Callist. H. E. xiv. 30, 54), the dis- first published by B. M. Remondinus, bishop of
ciple of Chrysostom, and the contemporary of Nilus Zante and Cephalonia, with a Latin version, 4to.
and Isidore of Pelusium: for this latter Marcus Rome, 1748, and are reprinted with the other
must have been many years younger than the as- works of Marcus, in th'e Bibliotheca of Galland.
cetic of Palladius. It is to the disciple of Chry- Some other works are extant in MS. (Palladius,
sostom that the works extant, under'the name of 1. c.; Sozomen, I. c.; Photius, I. c.; Niceph. Callist.
"Marcus Eremita," are to be ascribed; as appears 1. c.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 267, &c.;
from the express testimony of Nicephorus Callisti, Cave, Hist. Lilt. ad ann. 401, vol. i. p. 372;
who had met with the following works:-eight Oudin, De Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. col. 902, &c.;
treatises (Ao'yor 3trc&), " equal to the number of the Tillemont, Mnmoires, vol. x. p. 801; Galland,'
universalpassions;"and thirty-two others, describing Biblioth. Patrum, Proleg. ad Vol. VILI. c. 1.)
the whole discipline of an ascetic life. Other works 11. EUGENICUS. [EUGENICUS.]
of Marcus must have been extant at that time, but 12. Of GAZA. Marcus, the biographer of St.
Nicephorus does not mention them: the above were Porphyry of Gaza, lived in the fourth and fifth
the only ones that had come into his hands. centuries. He was probably a native of ProconThe eight treatises appear to have been originally sular Asia, from which country he travelled to
distinct, but had been collected into one volume visit the scenes of sacred history in the Holy Land,
(jBi~Aiov), and are so described by Photius (Bibl. where he met and formed an acquaintance with
cod. 200), to whose copy was subjoined a ninth Porphyry, then at Jerusalem, some time before
treatise or book, written against the Melchize- A. D. 393. Porphyry sent him to Thessalonica to
dekians (Katd Me;X'sef8fKTCav), which showed,: dispose of his property there; and after his return,
says Photius (according to our rendering of a dis- Marcus appears to have been the almost inseparable
puted passage), that the writer was no less ob- companion of Porphyry, by whom he was ordained
noxious to the charge of heresy than the parties deacon, and was sent, A. D. 398, to Constantinople,
against whom it was written. Photius remarks to obtain of the emperor Arcadius an edict'for dethat the arrangement of the works was different in stroying the heathen temples at Gaza. He obtained
different copies. A Latin version by Joannes an edict to close, not destroy them. This, however,
Picus of. the eight books was published 8vo. Paris, was not effectual for putting down heathenism, and
1563, and has been repeatedly reprinted in the Porphyry went in person to Constantinople; taking
various editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum. It is Marcus with him, and they-were there at the time
in the fifth volume of the edition, Lyon. 1677. of the birth of the emperor Theodosius the-Younger,
The Greek text was also published, 8vo. Paris, A. D. 401. They obtained an imperial edict for the
1563, by Guillaume Morel, with the Antirrhetica destruction both of the idolsof the heathens and their
of Hesychius of Jerusalem. [HESYCHIus, No. 7.] temples; and Marcus returned with Porphyry to
To, the Greek text and the Latin version were re- Gaza, where he probably remained till his death,
spectively prefixed, as if also written by Marcus, of which we have no account.' He wrote the life
the text and version of a homily, llepl rapaoaeiov- of Porphyry, the original Greek text of which is
ceal voseov 7rVevUatrLKcu, De Paradiso et Leye Spi- said to be extant in MS. at Vienna, but has never'
rituali, which is one of those extant under the been published. A Latin version (Vita S. Porname of Macarius the Egyptian [MACARIUS, No. phyrii, Episcopi Gazensis), was published by Lipo1], to whom it mor6 probably belongs, and from. manus, in his Vitae Sanctorum, by Surius, in
whose works those of Marcus have been much in- his De Probatis Sanctorumn Vitis, and by the Bolterpolated. The last four works are arranged in a landists, in the Acta Sanctorum, Februar. vol. iii.
different order from that of Photius; and to the p. 643, &c. with a Commentarius'Praevius and'
end of the fifth, which is addressed to one Nicolaus, notes by Henschenius. It is given also in the
a friend of the writer, is subjoined Nicolaus' reply. Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. ix. p. 259, &c.
A tract, nepl v7rlrelas, De Jejunio, a Latin version (Fabric. Bibl. Grcec. vol. x. p. 316; Cave, Hist.
of which was first published by Zinus, with some Litt. ad ann. 421, vol. i. p. 403; Oudin, De
other ascetic tracts, 8vo. Venice, 1574, is probably Scr-iptor. Eccles. vol. i. col. 999; Galland, Biblioth.
a part of the sixth book of the printed editions, the Patrum, Proleg. ad Vol. IX. c. 7.)
seventh of Photius, as it corresponds with the title 13. HAERESIARCHA, the HERESIARCH, a gnostic
given by Photius to that book. The Greek text of teacher who appeared in the second century, and
Morel's edition was reprinted, with the version of probably towards or after the middle of it. The