A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MARCUS. MARCUS. 945
MA'RCIUS VERUS. [VERUS.] - I confession which is given as Mark's by Socrates is
MARCOMANNUS, a Roman rhetorician of believed by modern critics not to be his. These
uncertain date, wrote a work on rhetoric, of which critics ascribe to him the confession agreed upon by
C. Julius Victor made use in compiling his "Ars the council of Ariminum, A. D. 359, and also given
Rhetorica." The latter work was -first published by Socrates. During the short reign of Julian
by A. Mai, from a MS. in the Vatican, written in Marcus, then an old man, was cruelly tortured in
the 12th century (Rome, 1823), and has been re- various ways by the heathen populace of Arethusa,
printed, with the other scholiasts, in the 5th who were irritated by the success of his efforts to
volume of Orelli's Cicero, p. 195, &c. convert their fellow-townsmen to Christianity. He
MARCUS (Md'pKof), a citizen of Ceryneia, in appears to have survived their cruelty, at least not
Achaia, had the: chief hand in putting to death to have died under their hands; but we read no
the tyrant of Bura, which thereupon immediately more ofhim. His sufferings for the Christianl relijoined the Achaean League, then in process of form- gion seem to have obliterated the discredit of his
ation. When the constitution of the league was Arianism; for Gregory Nazianzen has eulogised him
altered, and a single general was appointed instead in the highest terms, and the Greek church honours
of two, Marcus was the first who was invested him as a martyr. (Athanas. de Synodis, c. 24; Sowith that dignity, in B. C. 255. In B. c. 229 the crates, IH. E. ii. 18, 30, 37, with the notes of ValeAchaeans sent ten ships to aid the Corcyraeans sius; Sozomen, H. E. iii. 10, iv. 17, v. 10; Theoagainst the Illyrian pirates, and, in the battle doret. H.E. iii. 7; Gregorius Naz. Oratio IV.;
which ensued, the vessel in which Marcus sailed Bolland. Acta Sanctor. Mart. vol. iii. p. 774, &c.;
was boarded and sunk, and he perished with all Tillemont, Mgmoires, vol. vi. and vii.)
the rest of the crew. Polybius highly commends 3. ARGENTARIUS. [ARGENTARITJS.]
his services to the Achaean confederacy. (Pol. 4. ASCETA. Mark the ascetic, or Mark of
ii 10, 41, 43; Clint. F. H. vol. ii. pp. 240, 241, Athens, was a recluse, who had fixed his habitation
vol. iii. p. 14.) [E. E.] in the Interior Aethiopia, in Mount Thrace, beyond
MARCUS, the son of the emperor Basiliscus, the nation of the Chettaeans, apparently in the
was created Caesar, and soon afterwards Augustus course of the fourth century. A life of him is given
and co-emperor, by his father, in A. D. 475, and by the Bollandists in the Acta Sanctorurn Martii,
was put to death by Zeno in 477, together with vol. iii. in a Latin version, at p. 778, &c., and in
Basiliscus and the rest of his family. In conse- the original Greek at p. 40", &c.
quence of being emperor along with his father, 5. ASCETA. [No. 10.]
several of the coins struck by Basiliscus, represent 6. ATHENIENSIS. [No. 4.]
the portraits of both father and son. [BASILISCUS.] 7. D1ACONUS. [No. 12.]
(Eckhel, vol. viii. p. 204.) [W. P.] 8. DIADOCHTIS. A short treatise, entitled ToU^
MARCUS (Mdptcos), literary and ecclesiastical. ucaKcapou MdpKov roO Aa&oeXou KadTa'ApetavuZv,
1. Of ALEXANDRIA, patriarch of Alexandria early A'yos, Beati A'Jarci Diadochi Sermo contra A rianos,
in the thirteenth century, proposed certain ques- was published with a Latin version, by Jo. Rutions for solution on various points of ecclesiastical dolph. Wetstenius, subjoined to his edition of
law or practice. Sixty-four of these questions, Origen, De Oratione, 4to. Basel, 1694, and was
with the answers of Theodorus Balsamon [BAL- reprinted, with a new Latin version, in the BiblioSAMo], are given in the Jus Orientale of Bonefidius, theca Patrusn of Galland, vol. v. p. 242. There
p. 237, &c. 8vo., Paris, 1573, and in the Jus has been considerable doubt as to the time
Graeco-Ronmaunm of Leunclavius, vol. i. pp. 362- and place in which the author lived. Some
394, fol. Frankfort, 1596. Some MSS. contain have identified him, but without reason, with
two questions and solutions more than the printed Diadochus, bishop of Photice, in Epeirus Vetus
copies. Fabricius suggests that Mark of Alexandria (lIwrK-Ls -rs cv Ad 7irahaLa'Hsreipe 47rresoros),
is the Marcus cited in a MS. Catena in Matthaei who wrote a work on the ascetic life which is
Evangelium of Macarius Chrysocephalus [C~HRY- briefly described by Photius (Bibl. cod. 201), and
SOCEPHALUS], extant in the Bodleian library at whom critics, on uncertain ground, assign to the
Oxford. (Cave, Hist. Lilt. ad ann. 1203, vol. ii. middle of the fifth century. But there is no ground
p. 279, ed. Oxford, 1740-42.) for this identification, as Diadochus of Photice does
2. Of ARETHUSA, bishop of Arethusa, a city of not appear to have been ever called Marcus.
Syria, on or near the Orontes, was one of three Others suppose Marcus Diadochus to have been
bishops sent to Rome A. D. 342 by the Eastern one of the two Egyptian bishops of the name of
emperor Constantius II., to satisfy the Western Marcus, who were banished by the Arians during
emperor Constans of the justice and propriety of the patriarchate of George of Cappadocia [GEORthe deposition of Athanasius of Alexandria and GIUS, No. 7] at Alexandria, and who, having been
Paulus of Constantinople. Marcus'and his fellow- restored in the reign of Julian, were present (A. n.
prelates are charged with having deceived Con- 362) at a synod held at Alexandria, and are named
stans, by presenting to him as their confession of in the heading of the letter of Athanasius, usually
faith, not the Arian or Eusebian confession, lately cited as Tonsus ad Antiochienos. (Comp. Athanas.
agreed on at the synod of Antioch, but another Apolog. de Fuga sua, c. 7.) Galland suggests that
confession, of orthodox complexion, yet not fully Marcus Diadochus may have been one of two
orthodox, which is given by Socrates. Mark ap- bishops of the name of Marcus, ordained by Ale.xpears to have acted with the Eusebian or Semi- ander, the predecessor of Athanasius, and who were
Arian party, and took part on their side, probably banished by the Arians, one into the Oasis Magna.
in the council of Philippopolis, held by the prelates in Upper Egypt, and the other to the Oasis of
of the East, after their secession from Sardica Ammon (Athanas. Hist. Arianor. ad Mfonach. c.
(A. D. 347), and certainly in that of Sirmium (A. D. 72); but we identify these with the two just
359), where a heterodox confession of faith was mentioned. (Fabric. Bibl. Gcaec. vol. ix. p. 266,
drawn up by him. 1t is to be observed, that the &c.; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 356, vol. i. p. 217
VOL. IL 3U