A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

042 MARCIANUS. MARCION.
August. Vindel. 1600, 8vo., then by MoreIIl, Paris, MARCIA'NUS, GE'SSIUS, a native of Syria,
1602, 8vo., and subsequently by Hudson, in the the husband of Julia Mamaea, by whom he was
first volume of his "Geographi Graeci Minores," the reputed father of Alexander Severus. We*
Oxon. 1698, and by Miller,'Paris, 1839, 8vo. know nothing of his history, except that he on seveThey have been also published separately by Hoff- ral occasions discharged the duties of an imperial
mann, "Marciani Periplus, MenippiPeripli Fragm. procurator. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 30.) [W. R.]
&c.," Lips. 1841, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graee. vol. MARCIA'NUS, GRA'NIUS, a Roman senaiv. p. 613, &c.; Dodwell, de Aetate et Scriptis tor, was accused of majestas in A.-D. 35, by C.
Mareiani, in Hudson, 1. c.; Ukert, Geographie Gracchus, and put an end to his own life. (Tac.
der Griecien und Romer, vol. i. pars i. p. 235; Ann. vi. 38.)
Forbiger, Handbuch der alten Geographie, vol. i. MARCIA'NUS I'CELUS. [ICELUSi]
p. 448.) MARCI'LIUS, attended Cicero as interpreter
MARCIA'NUS (MapriavJs), a physician at during his journey in Asia Minor and his admiRome, who enjoyed a great reputation as an ana- nistration of Cilicia, from August, B. C. 51, to the
tomist in the second century after Christ, and wrote following February. Cicero highly recommends'
some works on that subject, which are now:lost. Marcilius, his son, and his family interests to Q.
Galen became personally acquainted with him Minucius Thermus, propraetor of Asia.' (Ad Fam.
during his first visit to Rome, about A. D. 165, and xiii. 54.) [W. B. D.]
tells an anecdote of him which shows him to MA'RCION (Mapid'r,) one of the most celehave been an envious and malicious person (De brated of the so-called heretics of the second cenPraenot. ad Epig. c. 3, vol. xiv. p. 614, &c.). He tury. He was a native of Pontus. The account,
is probably the same person as the physician prevalent in the days of Epiphanius, of which there
named Martialis, though it is uncertain which name is no reason to doubt the correctness, made him a
is correct. native of Sinope in Hellenopontus. Tertullian reSome medical formulae biy a physician of the peatedly calls him a ship-master, nauclerus (Adv.
same name are quoted by Aetius (ii. 3. 110, ii. 4. Marc. i. 18, iii. 6, iv. 9, &c.), and, according to
47, iii. 3. 11, pp. 358, 402, 554) and Scribonius one MS. and the version of Rufinus, Rhodon, a
Largus (c. 46. ~ 177. p. 223); but this cannot be writer of the latter part of the second century (apud
the same person as the contemporary of Galen, as Euseb. H. E. v. 13), calls him the seaman Marhe lived about the beginning of the Christian era cion. Some moderns have doubted whether so
in the reign of Augustus. [W. A. G.] learned a'man could have been-in such an occupaMARCIA'NUS,AE'LIUS,a Romanjurist, who tion, buf we see no reason to questiou the statewrote after the death of Septimius Severus, whom ment, nor does his learning appear to have been
he calls Divus (Dig. 50. tit. 4. s. 7). Another passage great. His father was bishop of a Christian church
(48. tit. 17. s. 1) shows that he was then writing (probably at Sinope), but there is reason to thinkl
under Antoninus Caracalla, the son and successor that Marcion had grown up before his father's
of Severus. It also appears from his Institutions, conversion, for Tertullian intimates (De Praescrip.
that-he survived Caracalla (Dig. 35. tit. 1. s. 33; Hereticor. c. 30) that he had been a stoic, and*
Cod. 9. tit. 8. s. 8). It is therefore probable that speaks of his " finding out God" (Adv. Marcion,
he also wrote under Alexander Severus, whose reign i. 1), expressions which indicate that he had not
commenced A.D. 222. Caracalla died A. D. 217. been brought up as a Christian, but had become a
Another Aelius Marcianus is cited in the Digest, convert in an adult age, after inquiry, and on his
who was proconsul of Baetica in the time of An- own conviction. Be this as it may, he appears to
toninus Pius(Dig. 1. tit. 6. s. 2, where Ulpian gives have been a sincere and earnest believer, characthe rescript of Pius addressed to this Marcianus). terised by the severity of his ascetic practices; nor
The works of Marcianus, from which there are does he at first seem to have entertained, at least
excerpts in the Digest, are:-Sixteen books of In- he did not avow, any opinions at variance with
stitutiones, from which there are excerpts in the the usual belief of the church with which he was
Digest: this work was also used for the compilation in full communion.
of Justinian's Institutions (compare Inst. 4. tit. 3. The course of his life was, however, altogether als. 1, and Dig. 32. s. 65. ~ 4; Inst. 2. tit. 18, tered by his excommunication. The occasion of this
"hoc colore," &c., and Dig. 5. tit. 2. s. 2); two is, in the spurious addition to one of the works of
books on Publica Judicia; two books on Appella- Tertullian (De Praescrip. Haeret. c. 51), and by Epitiones; five books entitled Regularia; a single book phanius, stated to have been his seduction of a girl;
on Delatores; a single book on the Hypothecaria but the silence of Tertullian in his genuine works,
Formula; and a single book ad Sct. Turpillianum. and of the other early opponents of Marcion, ready
He also wrote notes on Papinian. Marcianus is as they would have been to lay hold on anything
cited by Ulpianus and Paulus. There are 275 unfavourable to him,throws,as Beausobre and Lardexcerpts from Marcianus in the Digest. Zimmern ner have shown, considerable doubt on the accusa(Geschichte des Rom. Privatrechis) cites a work by tion. Beausobre and Neander suppose that he
G. Oelrichs, De Vita, Studiis, Honoribus et Scriptis was cut off from the church on account of his having
Ael. Marciani RCti. Traj. ad Rhen. 1754. 4to. already begun to propagate his obnoxious sentiThere are rescripts addressed by Alexander Se- ments as to the Mosaic dispensation and. the Old
verus to A. Marcianus (Cod. 2. tit. 13. s. 6) and to Testament generally. Even if the charge brought
A. Martianus, which may be the same name (Cod. against him by Epiphanius be credited, there is no
7. tit. 21. s. 4), and one by Gordian to A. Mar- reason to regard his delinquency as an evidence of
tianus in the year 239 (Cod. 4. tit. 21. s. 4); but habitual licentiousness: it stands in marked conthis may be a different person from the jurist trast with the rigour of his system and with the
whose writings are excerpted in the Digest. [G. L.] ordinary tenor of his life, and at a later period he
MARCIA'NUS MINEUS FELIX CA- himself excommunicated Apelles,'one of his disciPELLA. [CAPELLA.] ples, for a similar, perhaps even a less heinous,