A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MANETHO. MANETItO. 915
bound and naked to the enemy, by means of the Egyptian priest of the town of Sebennytus, who
fetiales. This was done with the consent of Man- lived in the reign of Ptolemy, the son of' Lagus,
cinus, but the enemy refused to accept him. On and probably also in that of his successor, Ptolemy
his return to Rome Mancinus took his seat in the Philadelphus. He had in antiquity the reputation
senate, as heretofore, but was violently expelled of having attained the highest possible degree of
from it by the tribune P. Rutilius, on the ground wisdom (Syncellus, Chronogr. p. 32, ed. Dindorf;
that he had lost his citizenship. As the enemy Plut. de Is. et Os. 9; Aelian, H. A. x. 16), and it
had not received him, it was a disputed question seems to have been this very reputation which
whether he was a citizen or not by the Jus Post- induced later impostors to fabricate books, and
liminiii (see Diet. of Ant. s. v. Postliminium), but publish them under his name. The fables and
the better opinion was that he had lost his civic mystical fancies which thus became current as the
rights, and they were accordingly restored to him productions of the Egyptian sage, were the reason
by a lex. According to Aurelius Victor, he is said why Manetho was looked upon even by some of
to have been subsequently elected praetor. (Ap- the ancients themselves as a half mythical person-i
pian, Hisp. 79- 83; Liv. Epit. 55; Oros. v. 4; age, like Epimenides of Crete, of whose personal
Obsequ. 83; Val. Max. i. 6. ~ 7; Vell. Pat. ii. 1; existence and history no one was able to form any.Flor. ii. 18; Eutrop. iv. 17; Plut. Tib. Gracch. 5; distinct notion. The consequence has been, that
Dion Cass. Fragm. 164, ed. Reimar; Aurel. Vict. the fragments of his genuine work did not meet,
Vir. Ill1str. 59; Cic. de Rep. iii. 18, de O0. iii. 30, down to the most recent times, With that degree
de Orat. i. 40, 56, ii. 32, pro Caec. 33, Topic. 8; of attention which they deserved, although the in-'
Dig. 50. tit. 7. s. 17.) scriptions on the Egyptian monuments furnish the
4. A. HoSTILIUs MANCINUs, curule aedile (but most satisfactory confirmation of some portions" of
in what year is uncertain), of whom a tale is told his work that have come down to us. It was a
by. A. Gellius (iv. 14) from the " Conjectanea" of further consequence of this mythical uncertainty'
Ateius Capito. by which his personal existence became surrounded,
MANCI'NUS, MANI'LIUS or MA'NLIUS, that some described him as a native of Diospolis
tribune of the plebs B. C. 108, proposed to the (Thebes), the great centre of priestly learning
people the bill by which the province of Numidia among the Egyptians, or as a high priest at Heand the conduct of the war against Jugurtha were liopolis. (Suid. s. v. MaveOws.) There can be no
given to Marius, who bad been elected consul for doubt that Manetho belonged to'the class of priests,
the subsequent year. (Sall. Jug. 73; Gell. vi. 1].) but whether he was high-priest of Egypt is unMANDANE (Mava'iv1), the daughter of As- certain, since we read this statement only in some
tyages, and mother of Cyrus.'[CYRUS.]. (Herod. MSS. of Suidas, and in one of the productions' of
i. 107; Xenoph. Cyrop. i. 2, 3, 4.) [P. S.] the Pseudo-Manetho. Respecting his personal
MANDO'NIUS. [INDIBILIS.] history scarcely anything is known, beyond the
MANDUBRA'TIUS, the, son of Imanuentius, fact that he lived in the reign of the first Ptolemy,
king of the Trinobantes in Britain, had fled to with whom he came in contact in consequence of
Caesar in Gaul, after his father had been killed by his wisdom and learning. Plutarch (de Is. et Osir.
Cassivelaunus. On Caesar's arrival in Britain, 28) informs us, that the king was led by a dream
Mandubratius obtained the supreme command in to order a colossal statue of a god to be fetched
his state. (Caes. B. G. v. 20.) Orosius (vi. 9) from Sinope to Egypt. When the statue arrived,
calls him Androgorius. Ptolemy requested his interpreter Timotheus and
MA'NEROS (Mavbfpcs), a. son of the first Manetho of Sebennytus to inquire which god was
Egyptian king, who died in his early youth, and represented in the statue. Their declaration that
after whom a species of dirge was called, which the god represented was Serapis, the Osiris of the
was analogous to the Greek Linos. (Herod. ii. lower world or Pluto, induced the king to build a
79; Athen. xiv. p. 620.) [L. S.] temple to him, and establish his worship.
MANES, i. e. " the good ones " [MANA], is the The circumstance to which Manretho owes his
general name by which the Romans designated' the- great reputation in antiquity as well as in modern
souls of the departed; but as it is a natural times is, that he was the first Egyptian who gave
tendency to consider the souls of departed friends in the Greek language an account of the doctrines,
as blessed spirits, the name of Lares is frequently wisdom, history, and chronology of his country,
usedas synonymouswith Manes, and hencealso they and based his information upon the ancient works
are called dii: Manes, and were worshipped with of the Egyptians themselves, and more especially'
divine honours. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 9, 22; Apul. de upon their sacred books. The object of-his works
Deo Socrat.; August. de Civ. Dei, viii. 26, ix. 11; was thus of a twofold nature, being at once theoServ. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 63, 168; Ov. Fast. ii. 842; logical and historical. (Euseb. Praep. Ev. ii. init.;
Hor. Carmn. ii. 8. 9.) At certain seasoins, which Theodoret. Serm. II. de Tierap. vol. iv. p. 753, ed.
were looked upon as sacred days (fcriae deniccales), Schw.)
sacrifices were offered to the spirits of the departed The work in which'he explained the doctrines
with the observance of various ceremonies. But of the Egyptians concerning the gods, the laws of
an annual festival, which belonged to all the morality, the origin of the gods and the world,
Manes in general, was celebrated on the 19th of seems to have borne the title' of TcOP pvoicvCY
February, under the name of Feralia or Parentalia, Ir1T0'oJ. (Diog. Lairt. Prooem. ~~ 10, 11.)
because it was more especially the duty of children Various statements, which were derived'either
and heirs to offer sacrifices to the shades of their from this same or a similar work, are preserved in
parents and benefactors. (Ov. Fast. ii. 535; Tertull. Resur. Cairn. 1.) [L. S.] Maneth6th, that is, Ma-nk-thtlh, or the one given
MA'NETHO (MavsOce' * or Mavrx0v,), an by Thoth, which would be expressed by the Greek
Hermodotus or Hermodorus. (Bunsen, Aegyptons
* His original Egyptian name was undoubtedly Stelle in der Weltgesch. vol. i. p. 91.)
3N 2