A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

,MAMMAS. MAMURRA. 913
lis father-in-law, who, according to the beautiful Protosyncelli et a Confessionibus, qui postmrodun
lay preserved by Livy, roused the Latin people creatus est Patriarcha, et Romae sepultus coresagainst the infant republic, and perished in the cavit AMiraculis, Responsio ex variis Sanctoraim
great battle at the lake Regillus, by the hands of Sententiis ad -Epistolam Marci Ephesii. This
T. Herminius, whom he also slew. (Liv. i. 49, ii. answer was translated into Latin by Joannes Mat15, 19, 20; Dionys. iv. 45, v. 4-vi. 12; Cic. de thaeus Caryophilus, and subjoined by him to. the
Nat. Deor. ii. 2, ad Att. ix. 10.) second volume of the Acta Concilii Florentini: it
2. L. MAMILIUS, dictator or chief magistrate at is reprinted in some editions of the Concilia, e. g. in
Tusculum in B.c. 460, marched in that year un- the last vol. of that of Binius, in vol. xiii. of that
summoned to the assistance of Rome when it was of Labbe, and in that of Hardouin, vol. ix. col. 601
attacked by Herdonius. For his services on this -670. This work is twice mentioned by Fabrioccasion he was rewarded two years afterwards cius; first as Antirrlheticus adversus Marei EpLhesii
with the Roman franchise. (Liv. iii. 18, 29; Epistolam, and then as Apologia s. Responsio ad
Dionys. x. 16.), Epistolam Eplesii, as if he was speaking of two
3. C. MAMILIVUs, plebeian aedile, B.. c. 207. distinct works. 2. rpryopiov 7rpwro-ovcEAhhov
(Liv. xxvii. 36.) 7raarpiapoU KovaavlevoprriwroNsws irpis ov OaaLMAMMAS (GREGO'RIUS), or MELISSE'- Aea TpaCreOUvTo, Gregorii Protosyncelli, PatriNUS (GREGO'RIUS), a monk of the latest By- arccae Constantinopolitani, ad Imperatorem Trazantine period. We first read of him as negotiator pezuntis. This is given in the Graecia Ort/odoxa
in reconciling the brothers of the emperor Joannes of Allatius, vol. i. p. 419, 4to. Rome, 1652, with
II. Palaeologus. He was one of the Greek ecclesias- a Latin version by the editor. These are the only
tics, who accompanied the emperor, A. D. 1438, to the works of Gregory which have been published; but
synod of Ferrara, and then held the office of fnievja- there are extant in MS.: 3.'AirohoyLa eis r)s Tro6
TKO6, " Pneumaticus," "Pater Spiritualis," or Con-'Eqe'oov dotohoyfav, Apologia in Confessionem
fessor to the Emperor. Heappears to have gorne un- Marci Ephesii. This is in the libraries of Florence
willingly; and Sguropulus (not, however, a very and Munich. 4. I1paytaT'e7a, Tractatus, sc. de
trustworthy witness) has recorded a saying of his Sgynodo Florentino, mentioned by Gregory himself
to one of his confidential friends, " If I go there, I in his'Aarokoyfa (Concil. vol. ix. col. 658, c. ed.
will work all manner of evil." At first, after his Hardouin), and described by Fabricius as Apologia
arrival in Italy, he was most vehement in his de- pro quinque Capitibus Florentini Conci/li. Many
clarations of hostility to the Latin church; but he Epistolae of Gregory are, or were, extant in the
was led, apparently by a quarrel with Marcus Eu- Vatican library. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p..
genicus, archbishop of Ephesus, and the great 393; Cave, Hist. Litt. (Appendix) ad ann. 1440,
champion of the Greek church, and by a present or vol. ii. Appendix, p. 152, ed. Oxford, 1-740-42;
a pension from the pope (Sgurop. viii. 6) to pass Bandini, Catalog. Codd. MSS. Biblioth. Medic.
over to the opposite side, and become a warm ad- Laur. vol. i. pp. 483, 484; Aretin s. Hardt,
vocate of the union of the churches. Just before Catalog. Codd. MStorum Biblioth. Reg. Bavarl. vol.
the removal of the synod from Ferrara to Florence, i. pp. 146, 147.) [J. C. M.]
the emperor conferred on him the post of proto- MA'MMULA, the name of a patrician family
syncellus; and in A. D. 1446 he was appointed of the Cornelia gens, but which never became of
patriarch of Constantinople; but this was against much importance in the state.
his will;: and after holding that dignity for about 1. A. CORNELIUS MAMMULA, was praetor, B. c.
five years, he escaped from Constantinople, where 217, at the commencement of the second Puniic
his Latinizing opinions and his support of the war, in which year lie vowed a ver sacrum (Diet.
union made himn odious, and the fall of which he of Ant. s. v.), but this vow was not fulfilled till B. c.
foresaw must soon take place, and fled into Italy. 195 (Liv. xxxiii. 44, compared with xxii. 9, sub
He died at Rome A. D. 1459, and was buried there. fin.). In B. c. 216 Mammula was propraetor in
His memory is held in great reverence by the Sardinia, and applied in vain to the senate for
Roman Catholics; and it has even been asserted corn and pay for his troops. (Liv. xxiii. 21; Val.
that miracles were wrought at his tomb. Sguro- Max. vii. 6. ~ 1.)
pulus generally calls Gregorius by his name and 2. A. CORNELIUS MAMMULA, praetor B. C. 191,
title of office, without his surname. Phranza cajls in which year the war with Antiochus broke out,
him Gregorius Melissenus (d MAtcIaroqnus); but received as his province the southern part of Italy
states that others called him Strategopulus (ITpa- (Bruttii). (Liv. xxxv. 24, xxxvi. 2, xxxvii. 2, 4.)
7yod7rovAos),a name which, as Phranza elsewhere 3. P. CORNELIUS MAMMULA, praetor B. c. 180,
(ii. 2) states, many members of the illustrious with the province of Sicily. (Liv. xl. 35.)
family of the Melisseni had derived from Alexius 4. M. CORNELIUS MAMMULA, was sent with:
Strategopulus, who had recovered Constantinople four others as ambassador to Perseus, king of
out of the hands of the Latins. The name Mam- Macedonia, and Ptolemy, king of Egypt, in B. C.
mas (J Ma'1ur7z) is given him by the author of the 173. (Liv. xlii. 6.)
Ilistoria Politica in the Turco-Graecia of Crusins. MAMU'RIUS VETU'RIUS. [VETURIUs.]
(Sguropulus, Hist. Concil. Florent. iii. 20, v. 15, MAMURRA, a Roman knight, bornat Formiae,
vi. 23, 24, vii. 14, viii. 6, &c.; Phranza, An- was the commander of the engineers (praefectus?iales, ii. 12, 15, 19, iii. 1; Le Quien, Oriens fabrutn) in Julius Caesar's army in Gaul. He
Clhristianus, vol. i. col. 309.) amassed great riches, the greater part of which,
The works'of Gregorius are as follows: 1.'A7ro- however, he owed to Caesar's liberality. He is
Xo-yfa rp7jyoptlouv poovPdov.rov ue-ydkov 7rpw0-e- menutioned by Pliny as the first person at Rorme
6ovyceh'AAov, vroU 7rvevjaTrcov^, Trov^ B'repov Xpwqua- who covered all the walls of his house with layers'rwai'Vros'raCrpXdpXov, Kal 6v'Pcp.A Tacpe''Tos ical of marble, and also as the first, all of the columns
&avuua'ovpyovros, ess'rh, -oi'EEecov eoria'ofir, in whose house were made of solid marble. In one
iK baoQdpwsv dyfwv, Greqorii Hieromonachi, Magni of the poems of Catullus, addressed to Caesar (Cares
VOL. 11 3x