A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MALELAS. MALLEOLUS.
He notices also his eminence as a rhetorician, and of the second, belong to Hanmartolus. Hody added.says that he was favourable to Christianity; a very valuable prolegomena. The Venice reprint of
statement which has been thought, but we do not the Oxford edition (1733, fol.) is quite useless.
see why, inconsistent with the praises he has be- The Bonn edition by L. Dindorf, 1831, 8vo., is
stowed on the heathen philosopher and diviner, a very careful and revised reprint of the Oxford
Pamprepius [ILLuS]. The works of Malchus are edition, which contains a considerable number of,lost, except the portions contained in the Excerptca small omissions, misprints, and other trifling deof Constantine [CONSTANTINUS VII.], and some fects, though, on the whole, it is a very good one.'extracts in Suidas, which are collected and sub- Dindorf thought that the account of Hamartolus
joined to the Bonn edition of the Excerpta. (Pho- was not identical with that of Malelas, and consetius, Suidas, Eudocia, ll. cc.; Vossius, De Hist. quently published it separately, under the title
Graecis, ii. 21; Cave, Hist. Lilt. ad ann. 496; "Anonymi Chronologica;" he might as well have
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 540; Niebuhr, 1. c.) put the name of Hamartolus on the title. A very
5. SOPHISTA, the SOPHIST. [No. 4.] good account of Malelas is given by Bentley in
6. Of TYRE. Malchus was the Hellenized his "Epistola ad Joannem Millium," on Malelas
form of the original Syriac name of the philosopher and other contemporary writers, which is given in
Porphyry. [PORPHYRIUS.] The Syriac name the Oxford and Bonn editions. (Fabric. Bibl.
Malchus signifies "king;" and the Greek Por- Graec. vol. vii. p. 446, &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit. p.
phyrius, Hopqprptos, was perhaps designed to be its 568; Hamberger, Nachirichten von Gelehrten Ilihnequivalent. [J. C. M.] nern.) [W. P.]
MALCHUS CLEODEMUS. [CLEODEMUS.] MA'LEUS (Mcaheos), a son of Heracles by
MALEATES (MaAeaTns), a surname of Apollo, Omphale, is said to have been the inventor of the
derived from cape Malea, in the south of Laconia. trumpet. (Schol. ad HIom. II. xviii. 219; Stat.
He had sanctuaries under this name at Sparta and Theb. iv. 224.) [L. S.]
on mount Cynortium. (Paus. iii. 12. ~ 7, ii. 27, MA'LIADES (MaXtdRes v6/cpa), nymphs who
in fin.) [L. S.] were worshipped as the protectors of flocks and of
MA'LELAS, or MALALAS, IOANNES fruit-trees. They are also called Ma7Ah8es or'Ear('I0wdvvvls o MaAeha or Maxhia), a native of An- piAiesr. (Theocrit. i. 22, with Valck. note, xiii.
tioch, and a Byzantine historian. According to 45; Eustath. ad Hornm. p. 1963.) The same name
Hody he lived in the ninth century; but it is more is also given to the nymphs of the district of the
probable that he lived shortly after Justinian the Malians on the river Spercheius. (Soph. Philoct.
Great, as Gibbon very positively asserts (Decline 725.) [L. S.]
and Fall, vol. vii. p. 61, not. 1, ed. 1815, 8vo.). MA'LLEOLUS, PUBLI'CIUS. 1. M. PBnThose, however,who'pretend that he could not have LICIUS L. F. L. N. MALLEOLUS, consul B. c. 232
lived after Mohammed, simply because his name with M. Aemilius Lepidus, was sent with his colin Syriac, (" Malalas,") means "an orator," the league against the Sardinians. (Zonar. viii. p. 401,
Syrian language being soon superseded by the c.) It was this M. Publicius and his brother
Arabic, are much mistaken, for the outrooting of L. Publicius who built in their aedileship the
the Syriac was no more the work of a century than temple of Flora, instituted the Florales Ludi, and
of a day. It is unknown who Malelas was. He also built the beautiful clivus (Publicius Clivus)
wrote a voluminous history, or rather chronicle of which led up the Aventine. They executed these
the world, with special regard to Roman, Greek, works with the money obtained from the fines
and especially Byzantine history. It originally which were exacted from the persons -who had
began with the creation of the world, but the com- violated the agrarian laws. Varro and Ovid call
mencement is lost, and the extant portion begins them plebeian, but Festus curule aediles. (Tac.
with the death of Vulcanus and the accession of Ann. ii. 49; Festus, p. 238, ed. MUller; Ov.
his son Sol, and finishes abruptly with the expe- Fast. v. 279, &c.; Varro, L. L. v. 158, ed. Miiller.)'dition of Marcianus, the nephew of Justinian the Their aedileship must have fallen in B. C. 240, as
Great, against the Cutzinae in Africa. We do not we learn from Velleius Paterculus (i. 14) that the
know how much of the end is lost. This history Florales Ludi were instituted in that year. (Comis full of most absurd stories, yet contains also pare Pighius, Annal. vol. ii. p. 72.)
some very curious facts, and is of great importance 2. L. PusLrcIus L. F. L. N. MALLEOLUS,
for the history of Justinian and his immediate pre- aedile with his brother in B. c. 240, as is mentioned
decessors. The earlier emperors are treated very above. We -may conclude, from his praenomen
briefly; eight lines seemed sufficient to the author being the same as that of their father, that he was
for the reign of Arcadius. The Eastern emperors the elder brother.
have more space allotted to them than the Western. 3. PUBLICIUS MALLEOLUS killed his mother,
The style is barbarous, except where the author and was in consequence sewn up in a sack, and
copies other historians who wrote well: the Chro- cast into the sea. This occurred in B. c. 101, and
nicon Pascale and Cedrenus are extracted to a is mentioned as the first instance of this crime
large extent. Edmund Chilmead of Oxford pre- which had occurred among the Romans. (Oros. v.
pared the Editio Princeps, from a Bodleian MS., 16; Liv. Epit. 58; Cic. ad Herenn. i. 13.)
*but he died before he accomplished his task, and 4. C. (PUBLIcIUS) MALLEOLUS, quaestor to
~the work was published by Humphrey Hody, Ox. Cn. Dolabella in Cilicia, B. c. 80, died in the pro1691, 8vo. That MS. does not contain the be- vince, and was succeeded in his office by Verres,
ginning of the work, but Chilmead thought that. who also became the tutor of his son. Malleolus
Georgius Hamartolus had copied this portion of the had amassed great wealth in the province by plunhistory of Malelas, and consequently supplied the dering the provincials, but, according to the statedefect from the dry account of Hamartolus. The ment of Cicero, Verres took good care to apply the
whole work was divided by Chilmead into 18 greater part of it to his own use. Cicero further.books, the first of which, as well as the beginning says, that Malleolus was killed (occisus) by Verre.