A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MALCHUS. MALCHUS. 907
with Apollonius of Alabanda, who was surnamed nearly two years with various changes of fortune)
j MaxaKJs. [APOLLONIUS.] [C. P. M.] but seems to have been terminated by the decisive
MALALAS. [MALELAS.] defeat of the Arabian monarch. We however
MALAS, of Chios, a sculptor, mentioned by again hear of Malchus, at a subsequent period, as
Pliny (H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4) as having lived before fomenting the intrigues of Alexandra and HyrcaDipoenus and Scyllis. He was the grandfather of nus against Herod. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 14. ~~ I
Antherinus, and must therefore have flourished 2, xv. 4. ~~ 2, 4, 5, 6. ~ 2, B. J. i. 14, ~~ 1, 2,
about the 35th or 40th Olympiad. [P. S.] 19.) [E.H.B.]
MALCHUS or MALICHUS (MdAXxor, MdAL- MALCHUS (MdAXos), literary. 1. Of BYZANXos), historical. This name is in fact a mere-title and TIUM. [No. 4.]
signifies " a king." (Gesenius, Ling. Phoen. Mon. 2. Of MARONIA. [No. 3.]
p. 409; and Kuster, ad Suid. s. v. rIopcppwos.) 3. MONACHUs, the MONK, author of a curious
1. A Carthaginian leader who, according to autobiography, dictated by him in his extreme old
Justin, was one of the first that extended the age to Jerome, then a young man residing. at
power and dominion of his country, first, by suc- Maronia, a hamlet about thirty miles from Antioch.
cessful wars against the African tribes, and after- (Hieronym. Vita M[alcchi, Opera, vol. ii. col. 41,
wards by the subjugation of great part of Sicily. &c. ed. Vallarsii.)
But, having subsequently crossed into Sardinia, he 4. Of PHILADELPHIA. Among the writers from
was defeated in a great battle; on account of whom the'EKAo-yal 7repl 7ri-pe'Gwov, Excerpta de
which disaster he was disgraced and banished by Legationibus,.compiled by order of Constantine
his countrymen. In revenge for this he led his Porphyrogenitus, are taken, was Malchus the soarmy to Carthage and laid siege to the city. His phist (MdAXos aoLocLO'Ts). According to Suidas
son Carthalo was in vain sent to intercede with and Eudocia (s. v. MdhXos) Malchus was a Byhim; he was crucified by order of Malchus him- zantine; but the statement of Photius that he was
self within sight of the walls. Yet, having at a native of Philadelphia, is preferable; and his
length made himself master of the city, he was Syriac name makes it probable that Philadelphia
content with putting to death ten of the principal was the city so called (the ancient Rabbah) in the
senators, and left the rest in possession of the country of Ammonitis, east of the Jordan. Malchief power, of which they soon after availed chus probably followed his profession of rhetorician
themselves to bring him to trial and condemn him or sophist at Constantinople, and the statement
to death. (Justin, xviii. 7.) Orosius, who has that he was a native of that city may have arisen
merely abridged the narrative of Justin, adds that from that circumstance. According to Suidas and
these events took place during the reign of Cyrus Eudocia, he wrote a history extending from the
the Great (Oros. iv. 6), but this is probably a mere reign of Constantine to that of Anastasius; but
inference from the statement of Justin, that Mal- the work in seven books, of which Photius has given
chus was followed in the command by Mago. an account (Bibl. cod. 78), and to which he
[MAGo, No. 1.] The chronology of these events gives the title BvavTai'Kad, comprehended only the
is in fact extremely uncertain. period from the final sickness of the Eastern em2. One of the chief leaders among the Jews at peror Leo I. (A. D. 473 or 474), to the death of
the time that Cassius Longinus was in Syria, B. c. Nepos, emperor of the West (A. D. 480). It has
43. He had failed in payment of the tribute been supposed that this was an extract from the
which he was appointed to collect, on which ac- work mentioned by Suidas, or a mutilated copy:
count Cassius was about to put him to death, and that it was incomplete is attested by Photius himhe was with difficulty saved by the intercession self, who says that the commencement of the first
of Hyrcanus and Antipater. But, far from being of the seven books showed that the author had
grateful to Antipater for the service thus rendered already written some previous portions, and that
him, Malichus began to form designs against his the close of the seventh book showed his intention
life, and at length succeeded in removing him by of carrying it further, if his life was spared. Some
poison. Herod, the son of Antipater, for a time eminent critics, among whom is Valesius (NAot. in
dissembled his desire of vengeance, and pretended Excerpt. de Legat.), have thought that the history
to be reconciled to Malichus, who obtained a high of Malchus began with Leo's sickness, and that he
place in the favour of Hyrcanus; but he soon was the continuator of Priscus, whose history is
took an opportunity to have him assassinated by a supposed to have left off at that point. Niebuhr
band of soldiers. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 11. ~~ 2-6, (De Historicis, (c., prefixed to the Bonn edition or'
B. J. i. 11. ~~ 2-8.) the Excerpta) supposed that this coincidence arose
3. King-of Arabia Petraea (probably the same from Photius having met with a portion only oi
who is mentioned 1y Hirtius, B. Alex. 1, as send- the work of Malchus, which had been inserted i!n
ing an auxiliary force of cavalry to Caesar in some historical Catena after the work of Priscus;
Egypt, and is termed by him king of the Na- or that the history of the antecedent period had
bathaeans), was contemporary with Herod the been given by Malchus in another work. As, how-.Great, who fled to him for refuge when he was ever, Suidas and Eudocia speak of the history in
driven out of Jerusalem by Antigonus and the its whole extent, as one work, we are rather
Parthians, B. c. 40. But Malchus, though bound disposed to think it was published in successive
by many obligations to Herod and his father An- parts, as the author was able to finish it (a suptipater, refused to receive him in his adversity, position which best coincides with the notice in
and forbade him to enter his territories. At a Photius of the continuation being contingent on
-subsequent period (B.c. 32) hostilities arose be- the longer duration of the author's life); and that
-tween Malchus and Herod, in consequence of the Photius had met with only one part. Photius
refusal of the former to pay the appointed tribute praises the style of Malchus as a perfect model of
to Cleopatra, which Herod was charged by Antony historical composition; pure, free from redundancy
to.exact by force of arms. The war continued and consisting of well-selected words and phrases.