A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

882 MACEDONIUS. MACEIL
quiry into the truth of these charges, and therefore tion his name. (Ad Popul. Antioclen. de Statt3.
banished him without trial, first to Chalcedon, and Homnil. xvii. 1.)
then to Euchaita; and appointed Timotheus bishop 7. EPIGRAMMATICUS. [See below.]
or patriarch in his room; and,having thus exiled him 8. GOUBA or GUBA. [No. 6.]
without any previous sentence of condemnation or 9. HARRETICJS. [Nos. 2, 3.]
deposition, he endeavoured to amend the irregularity 10. MONOTHELITA. [No. 2.]
of the proceeding by appointing a day for his trial, 11. PATRIARCHA. [Nos. 2, 3, 4.]
when he had him condemned in his absence, and 12. VICARIUS AFRICAE. Macedonius, who held
by judges who were themselves accusers and wit- the office of Vicarius Africae, in the early part of
nesses. Many ecclesiastics, however, throughout the fifth'century, was the friend and correspondent
the empire, refused to admit the validity of his de- of Augustin, who has described him as a person of
position; and his restoration to his see was one of many eminent qualifications. Two of his letters to
the objects of the rebellion of Vitalian the Goth Augustin, with Augustin's replies, are given in the
(A. D. 514), but it was not effected, and Mace- works of that-father. (Augustin. Epistolae, li.donius died in exile, A. D. 516. Evagrius assigns liv. editt. vett., clii.-clv. ed, Caillau.) [J. C. M.]
a different cause for the emperor's hostility to him, MACEDO'NIUS (MaKesdvtos), of Thessalonamely, his refusal to surrender a written engage- nica, a poet of the Greek Anthology, whom Suidas
ment not to alter the established creed of the (s. v.'A-yaOlas) mentions as contemporary with
church, which Anastasius had given to the patriarch Agathias and Paul the Silentiary and Tribonianus,
Euphemius, and which had been committed to the in the time of Justinian. Suidas also calls him the
care of Macedonius, then only Sceuophylax, and Consul (Te 6crdito). There are altogether fortywhich he persisted in retaining when the emperor three epigrams by him in the Anthology, most of
wished to recover it. He is honoured as a saint which are of an erotic character, and in an elegant
by the Greek and Latin churches. (Evagrius, H. E. style. (Brunck, Anal. vol. iii. p. 111; Jacobs,
iii. 30, 31, 32; Theodor. Lector. H. E. ii. 12 Anth. Graec. vol. iv. p. 81, p. 215, No. 357, vol.
-36; Theophan. C/sronog. pp. 120-138, ed. xiii. p. 641, No. 30, p. 913; Fabric. Bibl. Grae-.
Paris, pp. 96-110, ed. Venice, pp. 216-249, ed. vol. iv. p. 481.) [P. S.]
Bonn; Marcellin. Chlironicon; Victor Tunet. Clsro- MACER, AEMI'LIUS, of Verona, was senior
~nicon; Liberatus, Breviarium, c. 19; Le Quien, to Ovid, and died in Asia, B. C. 16, three years
Oriens C7hristianus, vol. i. col. 220; Tillemont, after Virgil, as we learn from the Eusebian ChroIalmnoires, vol. xvi. p. 663, &c.) nicle. He wrote a poem or poems upon birds,
5. The CONSUL, author of the epigrams. [See snakes, and medicinal plants, in imitation, it would
below.] appear, of the Theriaca of Nicander. His produc6. CRITOPHAGUS, or CRITHOPHAGUS. (O KpO0o- tions, of which not one word remains, are thus comcd-yos.) Macedonius was a celebrated ascetic, con- memorated in the Tristia:temporary with the earlier years of Theodoret, who
was intimately acquainted with him, and has left Saepe suas volucres legit mihi grandior aevo,
an ample record of him in his Philoftieus or Hi- Quaeque necet serpens, quae juvet herba,
toria Religiosa (c. 13). He led an ascetic life in
the mountains, apparently in the neighbourhood of The work now extant, entitled " Aemilius Macer
Antioch; and dwelt forty-five years in a deep pit, de Herbarum Virtutibus," belongs to the middle
(for he would not use either tent or hut). When ages. Of. this piece there is an old translation,
he was growing old, he yielded to the intreaties of " Macer's Herbal, practys'd by Doctor Lynacro.
his friends, and built himself a hut; and was after- Translated out of Laten into Englysshe, which
wards further prevailed upon to occupya small house. shewynge theyr Operacyons and Vertues set in the
He lived twenty-five years after quitting his cave, so margent of this Boke, to the entent you myght
that his ascetic life extended to seventy years; but know theyr vertues." There is no date; but it
his age at his death is not known. His habitual diet was printed by "Robt. Wyer, dwellynge at the
was barley, bruised and moistened with water, from sygne of Saynt Johan evangelyste, in Seynt Marwhich he acquired his name of Crithophagus, " the tyns Parysshe, in the byshop of Norwytche rentes,
barley-eater." He was also called, from his dwell- besyde Charynge Crosse."
ing-place, Gouba, or Guba, a Syriac word denoting 2. We must carefully, distinguish from Aemilius
a " pit" or " well." He was ordained priest by Macer of Verona, Macer who was one of the Latin
Flavian of Antioch, who was obliged to use artifice Homeristae, and who must have been alive in
to induce him to leave his mountain abode; and. D.. 12, since he is addressed by Ovid in the
ordained him, without his being aware of it, during 2d book of the Epistles from Pontus (Ep. x.), and
the celebration of the eucharist. When informed is there spoken of as an old travelling companion,
of what had occurred, Macedonius, imagining that his literary undertaking being clearly described in
his ordination would oblige him to give up his the lines:solitude and his barley diet, flew into a passion ill
becoming his sanctity; and after pouring out the Tu canis aeterno quidquid restabat Homero
bitterest reproaches against the patriarch and the e careant summa Troica bella manu;"
priests, he took his walking staff, for he was now while elsewhere (ex Pont. iv. 16. 6) he is desigan old mans and drove them away. He was one nated as "Iliacus Macer." We gather from Appuof the monks who resortedto Antioch, to intercede leius that the title of his work was "Bellumr
with the emperor's officers for the citizens of Trojanum." (Hieron. in Chlron, Euseb. 01. cxci.;
Antioch after the great insurrection (A. D. 387), in Ov. Trist. iv. 10. 43; Quintilian. vi. 3. ~ 96,
which they had overthrown the statues of the x. 1. ~~ 56, 87, xii. 11. I 27; Appuleius, de Orthoemperor. His admirable plea is given by Theo- grap/h. ~ 18; Maffei, Verona Illustrata, ii. 19;
doret. (H. E. v. 19.) Chrysostom notices one Broukhus. ad Tibull. ii. 6; Wernsdorf, Poet. Lat.
part of the plea of Macedonius, but does not men- Alis. vol. iv. p. 579.)