A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MACEDONIUS. MACEDONIUS. 881
stantinople he was not disposed to remain quiet, Arian ascendency under Valens, to court the orbut sought to unite himself more closely with the thodox, by approximating towards orthodoxy, led
semi-Arians; in opposition to the Acacians. [AcA- them,. now that orthodoxy was in the ascendant
clus, No. 3.] He appears to have resided in the under Theodosius, to draw nearer to the Arians, in
neighbourhood of Constantinople till his death, of order to secure their alliance and support. The
the date of which there is no account. Facundus Macedonians were also sometimes called Maraasserts that he was summoned in A. D. 381 thonians, MapaOcwviarot, fiom Marathonins, one of
before. the second oecumenical, or first council of their leaders. (Socrates, H. E. ii. 6, 12, 13, 16,
Constantinople, at which his obnoxious tenets 22, 27, 38, 39, 40, 45, iv. 12, v. 4, 8; Sozom.
respecting the Holy Spirit were condemned; H. E. iii. 3, 7, 9, iv. 2, 3, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27,
but this is probably a mistake, and it appears v. 14, vi. 10, 11, 12, 22, vii. 7, 9; Theodoret.
likely that he did not long survive his deposi- H. E. ii. 6, v. 11; Philostorg. H. E. v. 1, viii. 17
tion. Greg. Nazianz. Orat. xxxi. xli.; Athanas. Ilistoric
Macedonius is known chiefly as the leader of a Arianor. ad Monacld. c. 7; Pseud. Athanas. Dialog.
sect which took its name from him. The term de Trinit. iii., and Contra lfiacedonianos Dialog.
"Macedonians" (ol MaLKceoviauot) is applied some- i. ii.; Epiphan. Panarium. Haeres. 74 (s. ut alii,
what indeterminately in the ancient ecclesiastical 54); Augustin. de Haeresibus, c. 52; Leontius
writers. Its first application was to the less hete- Byzant. de Sectis. Act. iv.; Phot. Bibl. 1. c.; Theorodox division of the Arian party, commonly called phanes, Chronograph, pp. 35-38, ed. Paris, pp.
the semi-Arians ('HtiuapeLavot), who admitted and 64-70, ed. Bonn; Tillemont, Mgmoires, vol.
contended that the Son was doplortlotor, "homoiou- vi.; Ceillier, AAnteurs Sacres, vol. v. p. 594,
sios," of like substance with the Father, in op- &c.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 247, Concilia,
position to those who affirmed that he was dvoior, vol. i. col. 809, 810; 817, 818, 819, ed. lIar-.
" anomoios," of unlike substance. The latter party domin.)
were known as Acacians, from their leader Acacius 4. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (2). Macedonius, the
of Caesareia [ACAcIUS, No. 3], while the formnner second patriarch of Constantinople of the name, was
were designated from Macedonius, who was the nephew of Gennadius I., who was patriarch from
most eminent among them in dignity, though he A. D. 459 to 471, and by whom he was brought up.
does not appear to have fully identified himself He held the office of Sceuophylax, or keeper of the
with them until after his deposition; and if Photius sacred vessels, in the great church at Constantinople,
(Bibl. Cod. 257). is correct, was at his election an and, on the deposition of the patriarch Euphemius
Anomoian or Acacian. The two sections came or Euthymius, was nominated patriarch by the erminto open collision at the council of Seleuceia (A. D. peror Anastasius I., who probably appreciated the
359); and the Acacians, though outnumbered in mildness and moderation of his temper. His apthat council, succeeded, through the favour of Con- pointment is placed by Theophanes in A. M. 488,
stantius, in deposing several of their opponents, Alex. era, —496 A... Though he himself proand secured an ascendancy which, though inter- bably recognised the council of Chalcedon, he was
rupted in the reigns of Julian and Jovian, was fully persuaded by the emperor to subscribe the Herestored under the reign of Valens, froni whose noticon of Zeno, in which that council was silently
time they were known simply as Arians, that de- passed over, and endeavoured to reconcile to the
signation being thenceforward given to them alone. church the monks of the monasteries of ConstanMany of the semi-Arian party, or, as they were tinople, who had broken off from the communion of
termed, Macedonians, being persecuted by the now the patriarch from hatred to the Henoticon; but he
triumphant Acacians, were led to approximate more met with no success, although, in order to gain
and more to the standard of the Nicene confession them over, he persuaded the emperor to summon a
with respect to the nature and dignity of the Son; council of the bishops who were then at Constantiand at last several of their bishops transmitted to nople, and to confirm, by a writing or edict, several
pope Liberius (A. D. 367) a confession, in which of the things which had been sanctioned by the
they admitted that the Son was "s oooUrios, "C ho- council of Chalcedon, without, as it appears, directly
moousios," or "of:the same substance" as the recognizing the authority of the council. MaceFather, and were addressed by the pope in reply donius, thus baffled in his designs, still treated the
as orthodox in that respect. Their growing ortho- monks with mildness, abstaining from any harsh
doxy on this point rendered their heterodoxy with measures against them. Macedonius distinguished
respect to the Holy Spirit, whose deity they denied, himself by his generosity and forbearance towards
and whom they affirmed to be a creature, more his predecessor Euphemius, and towards aman who
prominent. This dogma is said to have been had attempted to assassinate him. But the same
broached by Macedonius after his deposition, and praise of moderation cannot be given to all his acts,
was held both-by those who remained semi-Arians if, as stated by Victor of Tunes, he held a council in
and by those who had embraced orthodox views which the supporters of the council of Chalcedon were
on the person and dignity of the Son.; their only condemned. He occupied the patriarchate for sixteen
common feature being their denial of the deity of years, and was deposed by the emperor, A. D. 511
the Holy Spirit, on account of which they were or 512. According to Theophanes, the cause of his
by the Greeks generally termed IIvvYaTor6uaXom, deposition was his maintenance of the authority of
"Pneumatomachi," "Impugners of the Spirit." the council of Chalcedon, and his refusal to surrenThe second general or first Constantinopolitan der the authentic record of the acts of that council.
council (A. D. 381) anathematised the heresy of Anastasius urgently pressed him to disavow its
the semi-Arians or Pneurnatomachi ('H!jtapelav6' authority, and when he could not prevail on him,
/bovu, flrevu/aTrofidXwv), thus identifying the two suborned witnesses to charge him with unnatural
names as belonging to one great party; from which lusts (which, from self-mutilation, he could not init appears not unlikely that the same fear of per- dulge), and with heresy. He *was prevented by the
secution which led the Macedonians, during the fear of popular indignation from instituting an in..
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