A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

880 MACEDONIUS. MACEDONItTS.
lasted only a year (B. C 106-105). [ARIsTo- accompanied by bloodshed, were excited either by
BULUS, No. 1.] He was succeeded by his brother, his partisans or those of Paul; and the attempt to
6. ALEXANDER JANNAEUS, who reigned B. c. pflt these down by Hermogenes, magister equitum,
105-78. [ALEXANDER JANNAEUS, Vol. I. P. who had been ordered by the emperor Constantius
117.] He was succeeded by his widow, II. to expel Paul, led to still further seditions, and
7. ALEXANDRA,- who appointed her son Hyr- to the murder of Hermogenes. These events comcanus II. to the priesthood, and held the supreme pelled Constantius, then at Antioch, to return to
power B. C. 78-69. On her death in the latter Constantinople, and an end was put to the disturbyear her son, ances by the banishment of Paul. Constantius
8. HYRCANUS II., obtained the kingdom, B. c. was, however, much displeased at the unauthorized
69, but was supplanted almost immediately after- election of Macedonius, and delayed to recognize
wards by his brother, him as patriarch, but he was allowed to officiate in
9. ARISTOBULUS II., who obtained the throne the church in which lie had been ordained. These
B. C. 68. [ARISTOBULUS, No. 2.] For the re- events occurred in A. nD. 342. On the departure of
mainder of the history of the house of the Mac- Constantius Paul returned, but was soon again
cabees see HYRCANUS II. and HERODES I. banished, and Macedonius and his partisans were
MA'CEDON (Macesw'v), a son of Zeus and then by the imperial officers put in possession of
Thyia, and a brother of Magnes, from whom the churches, though not without the loss of
Macedonia was believed to have derived its name. several hundred lives, through the resistance of the
(Steph. Byz. s. v. MaKceovta.) [L. S.] multitude.
MACEDO'NICUS, an agnomen of Q. Caecilius Macedonius retained possession of the patriarchMetellus, consul B.C. 143. [METELL US.] ate and the churches till A. D. 348, when the
MACEDO'NICUS CE'STIUS. [CEsT s, interposition and threats of Constans obliged ConNo. 2.] stantius to restore Paul, whose title had been
MACEDO'NIUS (MaKesd6'os). 1. Of AN- confirmed by the council of Sardica (A. D. 347),
TIOCH. [No. 6.] and Macedonius was only allowed to officiate in
2. Of ANTIOCH. Macedonius, a Monothelite, one church, which appears to have been his own
was patriarch of Antioch from A. D. 639 or 640, private property; but in A. D. 350, after the death
till 655 or later. He was appointed to the patri- of Constans, he regained possession of his see, and
archate by the influence, if not by the nomination, of commenced a vigorous persecution of his opponents,
Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, by whom also chased them from the churches in his patriarchate,
he was consecrated. The year of his death is not and banished or tortured them, in some instances
certain. Macarius, who was his successor (though to death. On the re-establishment of orthodoxy
perhaps not immediately), stated in his Expositio these unhappy persons were reverenced as martyrs,
Fidei, read at the sixth general council, A. D. 681 and their memory is still celebrated by the Greek and
[MACARIus, No. 4], that Macedonius was present Latin churches on the 30th March and the 25th Oct.
at a synod held while Peter was patriarch of Con- respectively. By these cruelties Macedonius became
stantinople, i. e. some time from A. D. 655 to 666, hateful even to his own party, and an unexpected
which shows he could not have died before 655. event increased the odium in which he was held.
Macedonius appears to have spent the whole of He removed the body of the emperor Constantine
his patriarchate at Constantinople, Antioch being the Great from the Church of the Apostles, in
in the power of the Saracens. (Le Quien, Oriens which it had been buried, and which (though built
Christian. vol. ii. col. 740, 741; Bolland. Acta only twenty years before) was in a very dilapidated
Sanctor. Julii, vol. iv. Tractat. Praelimn. p. 109.) state. The removal was made in order to prevent
3. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (1). On the death the corpse being injured by the apprehended tall of
of Eusebius, patriarch of Constantinople, better the church; but it led to a tumult, in which the
known as Eusebius of Nicomedeia [EUSEBIUS of people appear to have been influenced by hatred of
NICOMEDEIA], A. D. 341 or 342, the orthodox, Macedonius, and many persons were killed in the
which appears to have been the popular party, church to which the body had been removed.
restored the patriarch Paul, who had been deposed Constantius was very angry with Macedonius, both
shortly after his election (A. D. 339) to make room for his removing the body without orders and for
for Eusebius; while the leaders of the Arian party the serious consequences to which his act had led;
elected Macedonius, who had been deacon, and and the emperor's displeasure prepared the way for
perhaps priest, of the church of Constantinople, his downfal. At the council of Seleuceia (A. n.
and was already advanced in years. Jerome, in 359), where the Acacian or pure Arian party and
his additions to the Chronicon of Eusebius, says the semi-Arians were openly divided and seceded
that Macedonius had been an embroiderer, " artis from each other, some charges against him, applumariae," an art which Tillemont supposes he parently of cruelty, are said to have been contemmight have carried on while in his office of deacon plated. ile did not appear at the first sitting of
or priest, but which Scaliger supposed to be attri- the council, alleging sickness, but he was present
buted to him, by Jerome's mistaking the meaning afterwards; and if any hostile proceedings were
of the term'rocLlATekCXVor, which perhaps some contemplated, no steps appear to have been openly
Greek writer had applied to Macedonius. Accord- taken against him. In A. D. 360, however, in a
ing to the account of the orthodox party, Alexander council held at Constantinople, he was deposed by
the patriarch had described Macedonius as a man the Acacians, who were favoured by Constantius,
having the exterior of piety, and possessing much on the plea that he had been the occasion of many
address in secular affairs; but, according to the murders, and because -he had admitted to comArians, Alexander had commended his piety. He munion a deacon convicted of adultery; but in
had been one of the adversaries of Paul during the reality to gratify Constantius, who was irritated
first patriarchate of that prelate. against him, and perhaps also because he would
Upon the election of Macedonius great tumults, not adopt their views. Though expelled from Con