A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MACARIUS.''MACATUS. 877
Joannes II. Palaeologus, on a mission to the Pope in the fifth century, who was one of the opponents
Martin V., preparatory to the. summoning of a of Chrysostom; but if Crusius is correct in fixing
general council to determine the union, and died the age of: our Macarius, this must have been a
on his return in the beginning of the year 1431. different person.
It is not clear whether Macarius Macres was Macarius wrote, 1.'A7roKrpltcKd,. Responsiones,
the same or a different person from another Ma- in five books:; inscribed to Theosthenes, and not,
carius, a monk of Xanthopulus, of Jewish origin, as Turrianus and others after him had supposed,
and spiritual father to the emperor Manuel Pa- written against-him, but rather against Porphyry.
laeologus (Phranza, ii. 1); but it is quite clear The work was formerly extant in the library of
that he is to be distinguished from Macarius Curu- St. Mark, at Venice, but is not there now. Some
nas (d Kovpovvas), who also was. sent: by Joannes extracts are, however, contained in different MSS.,
Palaeologus to the pope, after the death.of Macarius and the unpublished Antirrihetica adversus IconoMacres (Sguropulus, Hist. Concil. lorent. ii. 15,16). machos of Nicephorus of Constantinople, contains
Macarius Macres wrote a book against the Latin many passages. The extracts given by Turrianus
doctrine of the procession of the Holy Spirit from were reprinted, but with some omissions, by Fathe Son, with this title,V"Or- Tr Aeyev Kcal ic Troi Toli bricius, in his Delectus Argumentorum et Syllabus
T'd 7rve!u4a TOrd ayor eKropeveaOa oeiv' dvaytcav Scriptorum de Veritiate Religionis Christianae, and
eaTLY diXhha KaLvoTojiga'rs ppOo'ou rtov7riews, Quod by Galland, in his Bibliothlca Patrum, vol. iii.;
necessarium non est, sed Innovatio Fidei, dicere et and some of the fragments preserved by Nicephorus
Filio procedere Spiritum Sanctumn. This work is were published by Crusius, in his Dissertations
extant in MS., and is cited by Allatius in his De already referred to. Another work of Macarius
Eccles. Occident. et Orient. Perpetua Consens. Some Magnes, Sermones in Genesin, or Commentarius in
other works by Macarius Hieromonachus are extant Genesin, has also perished, with the'exception of
in MS., but it is not certain if the writer was our some fragments, a portion of which were also inMacarius; a small piece, De Inventione et Trans- serted by Crusius. (Tillemont, l. c.; Cave, Hisi.
latione S. Euphemnii Martyris, is distinctly ascribed Litt. ad ann.' 265 and 403; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
to him. (Phrantza, ii. 9, p. 35, ed. Vienna, 1796, vol. vii. p. 296, &c.; Galland. Bibliotlh. Patrum,
pp. 156, 157, ed. Bonn; Sguropulus,. c.; Fabric. Proleg. ad vol. iii. c. xiii.; Ceillier, Auteurs
Bibl. Graec. vol. viii. p. 370; Cave, Hist. Litt. Sacres, vol. iv. 181, &c.)
ad ann. 1420.) 15. MAGNUS. [No. I.]
14. MAGNES. Some extracts from a work en- 16. MARTYRII SCRIPTOR. A supplement to
titled Apologia adversus' Theosthenem Evangeliormin the Acta Proconsularia Beatorurm Martyruam TzaCalumniatorem, by a writer whom he termed MAG- raci Probi et Andronici, of which Baronius has given
NETES, were given in a Latin version by Fran- a Latin version in his Annales Ecclesiastici, ad ann.
ciscus Turrianus, in his tract De Sanctissimna 290, is said by him to have been drawn up by
Eucharistia contra Volanum Polonunz, Florence, Macarius, Felix, and Verus, Christians, who were
1575; but nothing was at that time known of.the spectators of the Martyrdom; but a reference
writer, of whom there was not any ascertained to the original Acta (which were published, with a
notice in the writers of the first eight centuries Latin version, by Emericus Bigotius, Paris, 1680,
after Christ. Cave found in a MS. work of Ger- and by Ruinart in his Acta Martyrum Sincere, and
manus of Constantinople (he does not say which by the Bollandists, in the Acta Sanctorum Octobri,
Germanus), mention of " one MAGNES, a presbyter vol. v. p. 560, &c.) shows that the name of the
of Jerusalem," who was present at the synod of writer was Marcion (MapticvW), not Macarius.
Antioch, A. D. 265, at which Paul of Samesata 17. MONACHUs. According to Gennadius of
was deposed and excommunicated; and he iden- Marseilles, Macarius, a Roman monk, wrote Liber
tified this Magnes, but without reason, with the adversus Mathematicos, or as it is described by
writer of the Apologia. Tillemont (Hist. des Em- Rufinus, Opuscula adversus Fatum et Mlathiesin, now
pereurs, vol. iv. p. 308, &c.) has devoted a section to lost. He lived about the end of the fourth century,
this obscure writer, and Magnus CrusiusofGoittingen and was the intimate friend of Rufinus, who inhas most fully discussed the subject in two disser- scribed to him his Latin version of the Isepl adpXwtations, Notitia Macarii iMagnetis, and De aeoAo- of Origen, and his Apologia pro Origene. (Gen7youe'.voLs Macarii: Aagnetis, 4to. Gottingen' 1737 nadius, De Viris Illustr. c. 28; Fabric. Bibliothl.
and 1745. The name of the author is found in Graec. vol. viii. p. 372; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann.
the various forms of MACARIUs MAGNETES (T'o6 401.)
MatKaplou Maeyvr7'ov,. MACARIUS MAGCNES (T'o6.18. The MONOTHELITE. [No. 4.]
MaKcapiou MdYVYyTOS), and MACARIUS (iO' dCiyouv 19. PATRIARCHA. [Nos. 4, 9, 11.]
MaKaplov), the last showing that Macarius is 20. Of PHILADELPHIA. [CHRYSOCEPHALUS.]
a name, not a title (" Beatus"); but it is doubt- 21. ROMANUS.' [No. 17.]
ful whether Magnes is to be understood as a 22. RUFINI AMICUS. [No. 17.]
name or as a local designation, "the Magnesian;" Many other Macarii are enumerated by Fabricius,
and this uncertainty existed as early as the ninth Biblioth. Graec. vol. viii. p. 367, &c. [J. C. M.]
century, when both the writer and his work, MACATUS, M. LI'VIUS, was appointed by
which was' cited by the Iconoclasts, had become the propraetor M. Valerius, in B. C. 214, comobscure. In a copy of his work, which was found mander of the town and citadel of Tarentum, and
with difficulty by the orthodox of that day, the defended both with success against the attacks of
author was called isepiapX3, "bishop," and was Hannibal in that year. But two years afterwards
delineated in episcopal vestments; but his see (B. c. 212) the town was taken by a surprise, and
appears to have been altogether unknown, He is Livius fled for refuge into the citadel, which he
thought by Crusius to have lived near the end of maintained, notwithstanding all the attempts of
the third or the beginning of the fourth century. Hannibal to dislodge him. In course,of time
There was a Macarias bishop of Magnesia, early the Roman troops suffered dreadfully, from want ofL