A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MACARIUS. MACARIUS. 875
2. Of ALEXANDRIA, contemporary with the under the title of Regulda 8. Serapionis, Macarli,
foregoing, from whom he is distinguished by the Paphnutii et alterius Macarii; to which the first
epithet ALEXANDRINUS (d'AAefavpEv's), or POLI- of the two Macarii contributed capp. v-viii., and
Tlcvs (fIoArhrcos),- i.e. URBICUS, and sometimes the second (" alter Macarius") capp. xiii.-xvi.
JUNIOR. Palladius, who lived with him three Tillemont and others consider these two Macarii
years, has given a tolerably long account of him in to be the Egyptian and the Alexandrian, and aphis Historic Lausiaca, c. 20; but it chiefly consists parently with reason. The Regula S. MIacarii,
of a record of his supposed miracles. He was a which some have supposed to be the Epistola of
native of Alexandria where he followed the trade Macarius the Egyptian [No. ]] mentioned by
of a confectioner, and must not be confounded with Gennadius, is ascribed to the Alexandrian by S.
Macarius, the presbyter of Alexandria, who is men- Benedict of Anagni, Holstenius, Tillemont, Fabritioned by Socrates (H. E. i. 27) and Sozomen cius, and Galland. Cave hesitates to receive it as
(H. E. ii. 22), and who was accused of sacrilegious genuine. II. Epistola B. Macarii data ad Monaviolence towards Ischyras [ATHANASIUS]. Our chos. A Latin version of this is subjoined to the
Macarius forsook his trade to follow a monastic Regula; it is short and sententious in style. The
life, in which he attained such excellence, that Regula was first printed in the Historia Monasterii
Palladius (ibid. c. 19) says that, though younger S. Joannis Reomaensis (p. 24) of the Jesuit Rouerus
than Macarius the Egyptian, he surpassed even him (Rouviere), 4to. Paris. 1637; and was reprinted
in the practice of asceticism. Neither the time together with the Epistola, in the Codex Jegularuno
nor the occasion of his embracing a solitary life is of Holstenius (4to. Rome, 1661), and in the Biblioknown, for the Macarius mentioned by Sozomen theca Patrum of Galland, vol. vii. fol. Venice,
(H. E. vi. 29) appears to be a different person. 1770. III. To d cyiov Macoapfov'ioP'AAheavTillemont has endeavoured to show that his retire- Bpe'os Adyos repi eo'voV vUXXis aLOKafoV Kac dc'/apment took place not later than A. D. 335, but he lToAhj' so 7Fr's Xacp'i-oai isC ToU ecr'aacor, KaI
founds his calculation on a misconception of a Iross edlet, Sancti Macarii Alexandrini Seroo de
passage of Palladius. Macarius was ordained Exitu Animae Justorumn et Peccatorum: quomodo
priest after the Egyptian Macarius, i. e. after A. D. separantur a Corpore, et in quo State manent.
340, and appears to have lived chiefly in that part This was printed, with a Latin version, by Cave
of the desert of Nitria which, from the number of (Who, however, regarded it as the forgery of some
the solitaries who had their dwellings there, was later Greek writer), in the notice of Macarius in
termed "the Cells" (" Cellae," or "Cellulae," T-a his Historia Litteraria ad ann. 373 (vol. i. fol.
KEAALa); but frequently visited, perhaps for a time Lond. 1688, and Oxford, 1740 —1742); and was
dwelt, in other parts of the great Lybian wilder- again printed, more correctly, by Tollius, in his
ness, and occasionally at least of the wilderness be- Insignia Itineris Italici, 4to. Utrecht, 1696. Toltween the Nile and the Red Sea. Galland says lius was not aware that it had been printed by
he became at length archimandrite of Nitria, but Cave. It is given, with the other works of Madoes not cite his authority, which was probably carius of Alexandria, in the Bibliotheca Patrum of
the MS. inscription to his Regula given below, and Galland. In one MS. at Vienna it is ascribed to
which is of little value. Philippus Sidetes calls Alexander, an ascetic and disciple of Macarius.
lim a teacher and catechist of Alexandria, but Cave is disposed to ascribe to Macarius of Alexwith what correctness seems very doubtful. Va- andria the Honiliae of Macarius the Egyptian
rious anecdotes recorded of him represent him as [No. 1]. (Cave, 1. c.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
in company with the other Macarius (No. 1) and viii. p. 365; Holsten. Codex Regularum, vol. i.
with St. Antony. Many miracles are ascribed to pp. 10-14, 18-21, ed. Augsburg, 1759; Galland,him, most of which are recorded by Palladius either Biblioth. Pair. Proleg. to vol. vii.; Tillemont,
as having been seen by himself, or as resting on the Memoires, vol. viii. pp. 618, 648; Ceillier, Auteurs
authority of the saint's former companions, but they Sacr-es, vol. vii. p. 712, &c.)
are frivolous and absurd. Macarius shared the 3. Of ANCYRA, of which city he was metropoexile of his namesake [No. 1] in the persecution litan. Macarius lived in the earlier part of the
which the Arians carried on against the orthodox. fifteenth century, and was author of a work against
JIe died, according to Tillemont's calculation, in the Latin church and its advocates, entitled Kaed
A. D. 394, but according to Fabricius, in A.D. 404, zT-S Trc Aa/rsCoY KaKooeS as iKa Ka'd BaphaaclA
at the age of 100, in which case he must have been Kal'AKcY8Yov, Adversus Maligna Latinorum Dognearly as old as Macarius the Egyptian. He is mnafa et contra Barlaamn et Acindypnum. The work
commemorated in the Roman Calendar on the 2d is extant only in MS., but has been cited in several
January, and by the Greeks on the 19th January. places by Allatius in his De Eccles. Occident. et
Socrates describes him as characterized by cheerful- Orient. perpet. Consensione. Allatius characterizes
ness of temper and kindness to his juniors, qualities the work as trifling and full of absurdities; but
which induced many of them to embrace an ascetic Cave considers that the citations given by Allatius
life. (Socrat. H. E. iv. 23, 24; Sozom. H. E. iii. himself by no means justify his censure. (Cave,
14, vi. 20; Theodoret. H. E. iv. 21; Rufin. H.E. Hist.:Litt. ad ann. 1430; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec.
ii. 4; and apud Heribert Rosweyd, De Vita et vol. viii. p. 367.)
-Verbis Senior. ii. 29; Pallad. Hist. Lausiac. c. 20; 4. Of' ANTIOCH. Macarius was patriarch of
Bolland. Acta Suanctor. a. d. 2 Januar.; Tillemont, Antioch in the seventh century. He held the
Aflmoires, vol. viii. p. 626, &c.) doctrine of the Monothelites; and having attended
To this- Macarius are ascribed the following the sixth general or third' Constantinopolitan
works I. Regula S. Macarii qui hlabuit sub council (A. D. 680, 681), and there boldly avowed
Ordinatione sue quinqee Millia Monachorum. This his heresy, affirming that Christ's will was "that
Regula, which is extant in a Latin version, consists of a God-man" (3eavsprKc1Y); and having further
of thirty "' Capita," and must be distinguished from boldly declared that he would rather be torn limb
another, which is also extant in a Latin version, foam limb than renounce his.opinions, he was de