A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

868 LYSIMACHUS. LYSIMACHUS.
crossed the Haemus with an army, defeated the forces, fled direct to Ephesus, and from thence enim-'forces of the Scythian and- Thracian tribes, which barked for Greece. The conquerors immediately
the Greeks had called -in to their assistance,, as proceeded to divide between them the dominions of
well as a fleet and army sent by Antigonus to their the vanquished; and Lysimachus obtained for his
support, and successively reduced all the three share all that part of Asia Minor extending from
cities. (Diod. xix. 56, 57, 63; App. Syr. 53; the Hellespont and the Aegaean to the heart of
Paus. i. 6. ~ 4.) By the general peace of 311, Phrygia; but the boundary between his dominions
Lysimachus was confirmed in the possession of and those of Seleucus in the latter quarter is no-'Thrace (including, apparently, his recent acquisi- where clearly indicated. (Diod. xx. 106-109,
tions on the north), but without any farther acces- 113;' Plut. Demetr. 28-30; Justin. xv. 2, 4;
sion' of territory. (Id. xix. 105.) In 309 he Appian. Syr. 55; Paus. i. 6. ~ 7; Euseb. Arm.
founded the'city of Lysimachia, on the Hellespont, p. 163. Concerning the extent of Lysimachus'
not far from the site of Cardia, great part of the dominions, see Droysen, Hellenism; vol. i. p. 545,
inhabitants of which he compelled to remove to the foll.)
new settlement.' (Id. xx. 29; Paus. i. 9. ~ 8; The power of Lysimachus was thus firmly esApp. Syr. 1.) Three years afterwards (B. C. 306) tablished, and he remained from this time in undishe followed the example first set by Antigonus, puted possession of the dominions thus acquired,
and immediately imitated by Ptolemy, Seleucus, until shortly'before his death. During the whole
and Cassander, and assumed the title and insignia of this period his attention seems to have been
of royalty. (Diod. xx. 53; Plut. Demetr. 18; steadily directed to the strengthening and consoliJustin. xv. 2.) - dation of his power, rather than to the extension of
We hear no more of Lysimachus for some time: his dominions.' His naturally avaricious disposition
but he appears, though taking no prominent part in led him to accumulate vast treasures, for which the
-the hostilities between the other rival monarchs, possession of the rich gold and silver mines of
lo have been constantly on friendly'terms, if not Thrace gave him peculiar advantages, and he was
ini direct alliance with Cassander, to. whose. sister, termed in derision, by the flatterers of his rival,
Nicaea, he was married, and who was accustomed, " the treasurer (?ya'opv'ka4)." The great mass of
we are told, to apply to him for counsel on all. occa- these accumulations was deposited in the two'sions of difficulty. (Diod. xx. 106.) Thus in 304 strong citadels of Tirizis on the coast of Thrace,
we find them both sending supplies of corn to the and of Pergamus in Mysia. (Strab. vii. p. 319,
relief of the Rhodians, at that time besieged by xiii. p. 623; Athen. vi. p. 246, e. 261, b.; Plut.
Demetrius (Id. xx.' 96); and two years later (B. C. Demetr. 25.) At the same time he sought, after
302) Lysimachus readily joined in the plan origi- the fashion of the other contemporary monarchs,
nated by Cassander, for forming a general coalition to strengthen his footing in his newly-acquired
to oppose' the alarming progress of Antigonus and dominions in Asia by the foundation of new cities,
Demetrius. They accordingly sent ambassadors to or at least by the enlargement and re-establishment
Ptolemy and Seleucus, who were easily persuaded of those previously existing. Thus, he rebuilt
to join the proposed league; and in the meantime Antigonia, a colony founded by his rival.4ntigonus,
they both took the field in person; Cassander to -on the Ascanian lake, and gave to it the name of
oppose Demetrius in Greece, while Lysimachus, Nicaea,. in honour of his first wife: he restored
with a large army, invaded Asia Minor. His suc- Smyrna, which had long remained almost unincesses were at first rapid: several cities on the habited, but which quickly rose again to a high
Hellespont either'voluntarily submitted, or were point of prosperity; and when Ephesus, which had
reduced by force;'and' while his lieutenant, Pre- been one of the last places in Asia that remained
pelaus, subdued the greater part of Aeolia and faithful to Demetrius, at length fell into his hands,'Ionia, he himself overran Phrygia, and made him- he removed the city to a situation nearer the sea,
self master of the important town of Synnada. On and repeopled it with the inhabitants of Lebedus
the' advance of Antigonus, however, he' determined and Colophon, in addition to its former population.
to confine himself to the defensive, and not risk a New Ilium and Alexandria Troas are also mengeneral engagement until' he should have been tioned as indebted to him for improvements which
joined by Seleucus: he, in consequence, withdrew almost entitled him to rank as their founder.
first to'Dorylaeum, where he fortified himself in a (Strab. xii. p. 565, xiii. p. 593, xiv. p. 640, 646;
strong' position, but was ultimately forced from Paus. i. 9. ~ 7,vii. 3. ~~ 4, 5; Steph. Byz. v.Epeoqos.)
thence; and retiring into Bithynia, took up his In Europe-we hear less of his internal improvements,
winter.quarters in the fertile plains of Salomia, but he appears to have effectually reduced to subwhere the neighbourhood of the friendly city and missionf the barbarian tribes of the Odrysians,
port of Heracleia secured him abundant supplies. Paeonians, &c., and to have established his dominion
Before the close of the winter Seleucus arrived in without dispute over all the countries south of the
Cappadocia, while Demetrius, on the other side, Danube. (Paus. i. 9. ~ 6; Polyaen. iv. 12. ~ 3;
with the army which he brought from Greece, re- Diod. ap. Tzetz. C6il. vi. 53.)
covered possession of the chief towns on the Helles- Meanwhile, Lysimachus was not indifferent to
pont. All particulars of the campaign of the fol- the' events that were passing around him. The
lowing year are lost to us; we know only that in alliance concluded by Seleucus with Demetrius led
the course of the spring Lysimachus effected his him in his turn to draw closer- the bonds of union
junction with Seleucus; and Demetrius, on the between himself and Ptolemy; and it was probably
other hand, united his forces with those of Anti- about the same period that he married Arsinoi, the
gonus; and that early in the summer of B. C. 301 daughter, of the Egyptian king. (Plut. Demetr.
the combined armies met at Ipsus, in the plains of 31; Paus. i. 10. ~ 3; comp. Droysen, Hellenism. vol.
Upper Phrygia. The battle that ensued was de- i.p.555.) With Macedonia his friendly relations
cisive: Antigonus himself fell on the field, and continued unbroken until'the death of Cassander
Demetrius, with the shattered remnant of his (B. C. 297), and after that event he sought still to