A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LYSIMACHUS. LYSIMACHUS. 837
Abas, and the wife of Talaus (Apollod.. 9. ~ 13; ment to the important post of one of the owsuaoADRASTUS). Another personage of the same name S6JAaiKs, officers immediately about the person of
occurs in Apollodorus (iii. 12. ~ 5). [L. S.] Alexander. But though we find him early attainL YSIMA'CHIDES (vavuaqaXi8-s), a Greek ingothis distinction, and he is frequently mentioned
writer, the author of a work on the Attic orators, as in close attendance on the king, he does not
addressed to Caecilius. He seems also to have seem to have been readily entrusted with any
written on other subjects connected with the Athe- separate command, or with the conduct of any
nians. (Ammon. de Dff. Voc. s. v. OEowpJs; Har- enterprise of importance, as was so often the case
pocrat. s. vv. MaqAaK71'p4Ldv, METayeTVILAOIv; Voss. with Ptolemy, Perdiccas, Leonnatus, and others of
de list. Graec.p. 231, ed. Westermann.) [C.P.M.] the same officers. Hence it would appear that
LYSI'MACHUS (AvcirlaXos). 1. An Athe- Alexander deemed him more qualified for a soldier
nian, father of Aristeides the Just. (Herod. viii. than a general. (Arr. Anab. v. 13, 24, vi. 28, vii.
79; Thuc. i. 91; Plut. Arist. init.) 5, Ind. 18; Curt. viii. 1, ~ 46; but comp. Aelian.
2. Son of Aristeides, and grandson of the pre. H. xii. 16, who calls him a-paTrmyesv dia0cs.)
ceding, is spoken of as a man himself of an insigni- We are told by Q. Curtius that Lysimachus, when
ficant character, but who received a grant of lands hunting in Syria, had killed a lion of immense size
and money, as well as an allowance for his daily single-handed, though not without receiving severe
maintenance, by a decree of Alcibiades, in con- wounds in the contest; and this circumstance that
sideration of his father's services. He left two writer regards as the origin of a fable gravely rechildren, a son, Aristeides, and a daughter named lated by Justin, Plutarch, Pliny, and other authors,Polycrita, who also received a public allowance for that on account of some offence, Lysimachus had
her grandfather's sake. (Plut. Arist. 27; Dem. c. been shut up by order of Alexander in the same
Lept. ~ 95, p. 491, and Sch~ol. ad loc.) den with a lion; but though unarmed, had suc3. Son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace (see be- ceeded in destroying the animal, and was pardoned
low), by Arsino6, daughter of Ptolemy Soter. by the king in consideration of his courage. (Curt.
After the death of his father (B.C. 281), he fled viii. 1. ~ 15; Plut. Demetr. 27; Paus. i. 9. ~ 5;
with his mother and younger brother, Philip, to Justin. xv. 3; Plin. H. N. viii. 16 (21); Val.;Cassandria, where they remained for some time in Max. ix. 3, ext. 1; Seneca, de Ira, iii. 17.) In
safety, until Ptolemy Ceraunus, who had established the division of the provinccs, after the death of
himself upon the throne of Macedonia, decoyed Alexander, Thrace and the neighbouring countries
Arsinoi; and her two sons into his power, by pro- as far as the Danube were assigned to Lysimachus,
mising to marry the former, and adopt the two an important government, which he is said to have
young men. But as soon as they met their trea- obtained in consequence of his well-known valour,
cherous uncle, both Lysimachus and Philip were as being deemed the most competent to cope with
instantly seized and put to death, in the very arms the warlike barbarians that bordered that country
of their mother. Lysimachus was at the time 16 on the north. (Diod. xviii. 3; Arrian, ap. Phot.
years old; his brother three years younger; and p. 69, b; Dexippus, ibid, p. 64, b; Curt. x. 10, ~ 4;
both were remarkable for their beauty. (Justin. Justin. xiii. 4.) Nor was it long before he had
xxiv. 2, 3; Memnon, c. 14.) occasion to prove the justice of this opinion; he had
4. Son of Ptolemy Philadelphus by ArsinoF, scarcely arrived in his government when he was
the daughter of Lysimachus, king Of Thrace. He called upon to oppose Seuthes, king of the Odrysurvived both his brother Ptolemy III. Euergetes, sians, who had assembled a large army, with which
and his nephew, Ptolemy IV. Philopator; but was he was preparing to assert his independence. In
puot to death by Sosibius, the minister and guardian the first battle Lysimachus obtained a partial
of Ptolemy Epiphanes. (Schol. ad Theocr. Idyll. victory, notwithstanding a great disparity of force;
xvii. 128; Polyb. xv. 25.) but we know nothing of the subsequent events of
5. A friend and counsellor of Philip V., king of the war. (Diod. xviii. 14; Pans. i. 9. ~ 6.) It
Macedonia, was one of the two selected by him to seems probable, however, that he was for some time
assist in the secret council for the trial of his son, much occupied with hostilities against the OdryDemetrius. (Liv. xl. 8.) [DEMETRIUS.] sians and other barbarian tribes; and that it was
6. A brother of Apollodotus, the general who this circumstance which prevented him from taking
defended Gaza against Alexander Jannaeus. He any active part in the wars which arose between
caused his brother to be assassinated, and then the other generals of Alexander. But during the
surrendered the city into the hands of Alexander. seven years which he thus spent in apparent inac(Joseph. Ant. xiii. 13. ~ 3.) tivity, it is clear that he had not only consolidated
7. A Jew, one of the friends of Herod, who was his power, but extended his dominion as far as the
put to death by him as being connected with the mouths of the Danube, and occupied with his garconspiracy of Costobarus. [HERODES.] (Joseph. risons the Greek cities along the western shores of
Ant. xv. 7. ~~ 8, 10.) [E. H. B.] the Euxine. (Diod. xix. 73; Droysen, Hellenism.
LYSI'MACHUS (Avai4aXos), king-of-Thrace. vol. i. p. 326.)
He was a Macedonian by birth (according to Ar- At length, in B. c. 315, the increasing power-of
rian, a native of Pella), but not by origin, his father, Antigonus induced Lysimachus to join the league
Agathocles, having been originally a Penest or serf which Ptolemy, Seleucus, and Cassander, had
of Cranon in Thessaly, who had insinuated himself already formed against that monarch: he laid claim
by his flatteries into the good graces of Philip of to the Hellespontine Phrygia, in addition to the
Macedon, and risen to a high place in his favour, territories he already possessed; and on the refusal
(Arr. Anab. vi. 28; Theopomp. ap. Atlien. vi. 259, of Antigonus, immediately prepared for war. Still
f.; Euseb. Arm. p. 156.) Lysimachus himself was we do not hear of his taking any active part in the
early distinguished for his undaunted courage, as hostilities that ensued, until he was. aroused by the
well as for his great activity and strength of body, revolt of the Greek cities on the Euxine, Callatia,
qualities to which be probably owed his appoint- Istrus, and Odessus. He thereupon immediately
3 it 2